1. Text Structures Informational Text

2. What are text structures? Different types of informational passages have different text structures. Different types of informational passages have different text structures. Text structures are organizational patterns. Text structures are organizational patterns. Authors use certain text structures to help their audience better understand the information presented. Authors use certain text structures to help their audience better understand the information presented.

3. What are the types of informational text structures? The most common are CAUSE AND EFFECT, COMPARE/CONTRAST, PROBLEM AND SOLUTION, and CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER. The most common are CAUSE AND EFFECT, COMPARE/CONTRAST, PROBLEM AND SOLUTION, and CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER.

4. CAUSE AND EFFECT Characteristics describes a reason and its effect(s) describes a reason and its effect(s)

5. CAUSE AND EFFECT signal words/phrases Effect Effect As a result As a result Because Because Consequently Consequently For this reason For this reason If…then If…then Since Since Therefore Therefore

6. COMPARE/CONTRAST Characteristics Compares and contrasts specific elements of two or more things Compares and contrasts specific elements of two or more things

7. COMPARE/CONTRAST signal words/phrases Alike Alike As opposed to As opposed to Different Different In common In common On the other hand On the other hand Similar Similar

8. PROBLEM AND SOLUTION Characteristics Describes a problem and its solution(s) Describes a problem and its solution(s)

9. PROBLEM AND SOLUTION signal words/phrases Affect Affect As a result As a result Because Because Consequently Consequently For this reason For this reason If…then If…then Since Since therefore therefore

10. CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER characteristics Sequence, or order based on time Sequence, or order based on time Chrono = time Chrono = time

11. CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER signal words/phrases First First Next Next Last Last Then Then After After Before Before Later Later

12. Social Studies and Science Texts Most texts in SOCIAL STUDIES tend to be structured in chronological order or cause and effect. Most texts in SOCIAL STUDIES tend to be structured in chronological order or cause and effect. Most texts in SCIENCE tend to be organized in problem/solution. Most texts in SCIENCE tend to be organized in problem/solution.

13. Let’s Practice Read the following passage. Determine the text structure and explain how it contributes to the overall development of ideas. Read the following passage. Determine the text structure and explain how it contributes to the overall development of ideas.

14. In the game of volleyball, players hit a ball over a long net that stretches across a court. There are twelve players on the court at one time—six players per team. In the game of volleyball, players hit a ball over a long net that stretches across a court. There are twelve players on the court at one time—six players per team. The game of tennis is similar to volleyball in that a ball is hit over a long net on a court, but this is all the two sports have in common. In tennis, the ball is hit with a racquet, and only two or four players are on the court at one time. The game of tennis is similar to volleyball in that a ball is hit over a long net on a court, but this is all the two sports have in common. In tennis, the ball is hit with a racquet, and only two or four players are on the court at one time.

15. Independently read “The Trouble with Television,” p. 558 in your textbook. Independently read “The Trouble with Television,” p. 558 in your textbook. Identify the text structure, and create a thinking map that best represents this structure (add details to the thinking map based on the structure). Identify the text structure, and create a thinking map that best represents this structure (add details to the thinking map based on the structure). In the frame of the map: identify tone (with examples); author’s purpose and perspective; and a summary of the story. In the frame of the map: identify tone (with examples); author’s purpose and perspective; and a summary of the story. Now it’s your turn!