1. Tambahkanlah Ilmuku dan Berilah aku pengertian dengan baik Tiada sia-sia Meraih Ilmu dan Mengamalkannya

3. DASAR PENGGUNAAN : PENINGKATAN TEKANAN INTRA OKULER / GLAUKOMA HIPOPROTEINEMIA HEART FAILLUR TRAUMATIC RENAL FAILLUR TOXIN EXCRETION DRUG OVER DOSE HYPERTENSI OEDEMA PULMONUM CALCIURIA

4. Diuretic Class (site and mechanism of action) Osmotic Diuretics Freely filterable, non- reabsorbable osmotic agents like mannitol, glycerol, and urea act primarily on the proximal tubule to reduce the reabsorption of H 2 O and solutes including NaCl. Loop Diuretics Furosemide, Bumetanide, Torsemide, and Ethacrynic Acid inhibit the Na+/ K+/ 2Cl- cotransport system in the thick ascending limb of Henle's loop (ALH). Thiazide Chlorothiazide, hydrochlorothiazide, etc. inhibit NaCl cotransport in early distal convoluted tubule (DCT). K+-Sparing Diuretics Spironolactone competitively blocks the actions of aldosterone on the cortical collecting ducts (CCDs) Amiloride and Triamterene inhibit the Na+/K+ pump by reducing Na+ entry across the luminal membrane of the CCDs..Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors Acetazolamide, Methazolamide, and Dichlorphenamide inhibit CA in luminal membrane of proximal tubule, reducing proximal HCO3- reabsorption

11. Mechanism of action: Inhibits Na+ & Cl- reabsorption in the loop of Henle & proximal & distal tubules of nephron: *markedly increases excretion of Cl-, Na+, & water *also increases excretion of K+, Mg++, Ca++, ammonium, H+, bicarbonate, & phosphate Side Effects/Adverse Effects: Dose-related hypokalemia, dehydration, postural hypotension, hypochloremic alkalosis, azotemia

13. Mechanism of action: Interferes with reabsorption of Na+ & Cl- in the distal convoluted tubule of the nephron, thus: *increases Na+ excretion, causing increased urine output *also increases excretion of K+, Mg++, Ca++, ammonium, H+, bicarbonate, & phosphate *decreases calcium & uric acid excretion Side Effects: Frequent - hypokalemia, dizziness, muscle weakness, dry mouth, thirst, Interactions: the same as Lasix, due to effects on lytes