1. Technical Meeting on
Milestones for nuclear power infrastructure development
Radiation Protection
Khammar Mrabit Head, Regulatory Infrastructure and Transport Safety Section
Division of Radiation, Transport and Waste Safety
Department of Nuclear Safety & Security

2. Content Background. Radiation Protection in the three phases NG-G-3.1
Agency Strategy in radiation protection: Model Project on upgrading radiation protection infrastructure.
Conclusion.
K.M. TMM November 2007

3. Content Background. Radiation Protection in the three phases NG-G-3.1
Agency Strategy in radiation protection: Model Project on upgrading radiation protection infrastructure.
Conclusion
K.M. TMM November 2007

4. IAEA Safety Functions (Radiation, Transport and Waste Safety)
IAEA functions
in radiation safety
(Article III.A.6)
to establish
standards of
safety
to facilitate and
service international
conventions and
other undertakings
to provide for
the application of
international standards
K.M. TMM November 2007

5. Hierarchy of Safety Standards
underlying principles - aimed at decision makers and regulatory bodies
Fundamentals
specify obligations and responsibilities
(“shall” statements)
Requirements
Guides
recommendations to support requirements (“should” statements)
K.M. TMM November 2007

6. Safety Standards & National Legislative & Regulatory Framework
Fundamentals
National Legislation
National Safety
Regulations
Requirements
National
Regulatory Guides
The hierarchy of the Safety Standards developed by the IAEA is As follows:
At the top is the Safety Fundamentals which present the basic objective, concepts and principles for safety. The Safety Fundamentals were used as the basis for the development of the nuclear Safety Convention and the Joint Convention on the Safety of Radioactive Waste and Spent Fuel.
The fundamentals are followed by Safety Requirements that must be met to ensure safety. They provide the basis for national laws and regulations.
Each safety requirement is supplemented by a number of Safety Guides which present recommended actions for meeting the Safety Requirements. Safety guides are comparable to national regulatory guides.
In principle safety requirements and guides reflect the best practices of the Member States.
The Safety Standards need to be complemented by national infrastructures and industry standards. IAEA also develops other safety related publications in support of the standards.
Guides
K.M. TMM November 2007

7. Character of Safety Standards
Not legally binding on Member States, but may be adopted by them
Binding on IAEA’s own activities
Binding on States in relation to operations & projects assisted by the IAEA
K.M. TMM November 2007

8. Provisions for the application of standards
international mechanisms
for applying standards
Rendering
radiation
safety
services
Providing
technical
assistance
Fostering
information
exchange
Promoting
education
& training
Coordinating
Networking, KM
and R&D
K.M. TMM November 2007

9. Content Background. Radiation Protection in the three phases NG-G-3.1
Agency Strategy in radiation protection: Model Project on upgrading radiation protection infrastructure.
Conclusion.
K.M. TMM November 2007

10. An understanding of the additional hazards presented
Radiation protection: Milestone 1 — Ready to make a knowledgeable commitment to a nuclear programme
An understanding of the
additional hazards presented
by NPPs over and above
those posed by medical,
industrial and research
applications of ionizing radiation.
K.M. TMM November 2007

11. Radiation protection: Milestone 2 — Ready to invite bids for the first nuclear power plant
Reviewing existing laws governing radiation protection and ensuring that legislation needed for enhancement has been promulgated;
Development of specific regulations by the regulatory body;
Planning by the owner/operator for programmes for worker, public and environmental monitoring and protection;
Identification of specific challenges for environmental monitoring at the chosen site, and development of plans to resolve them;
Characterization and measurement of background sources of radiation at the site.
K.M. TMM November 2007

12. Fully implemented site environmental monitoring programme;
Radiation protection: Milestone 3 — Ready to commission and operate the first NPP
Radiation monitoring equipment in place and operational both on and off-site;
Fully implemented site environmental monitoring programme;
Functioning off-site radiation monitoring programmes;
Radiation dosimetry requirements in place for all workers;
Development of programmes to optimize radiation exposure during plant operation and maintenance; &
Waste management capabilities in place.
K.M. TMM November 2007

13. Content Background. Radiation Protection in the three phases NG-G-3.1
Agency Strategy in radiation protection: Model Project on upgrading radiation protection infrastructure.
Conclusion.
K.M. TMM November 2007

14. Model Project on upgrading radiation protection infrastructure
Vision
Effective & sustainable radiation protection infrastructure in Member Sates.
Objectives (1994):
To assist Member States to comply with the International Basic Safety Standards for Protection against Ionizing Radiation and for the Safety of Radiation Sources & related standards.
Requirements in five milestones
K.M. TMM November 2007

15. Scope:Milestones/Thematic Safety Areas (TSAs)
THEMATIC SAFETY AREA 1: NATIONAL REGULATORY INFRASTRUCTURE FOR THE CONTROL OF RADIATION SOURCES
THEMATIC SAFETY AREA 2: PROTECTION OF WORKERS OCCUPATIONALLY EXPOSED TO IONIZING RADIATION
THEMATIC SAFETY AREA 3: MEDICAL EXPOSURE CONTROL
THEMATIC SAFETY AREA 4: PUBLIC RADIATION EXPOSURE CONTROL
THEMATIC SAFETY AREA 5: PREPAREDNESS
& RESPONSE TO RADIATION EMERGENCIES
K.M. TMM November 2007

16. 21 in Europe 15 in LA 30 in Africa
Member States Participating In The Model Project 91 participating countries in 2004
21 in Europe
25 in Asia (E&W)
15 in LA
30 in Africa
K.M. TMM November 2007

17. Capacity building: Training, coordination and expertise (1994-2004)
Region
Number of participants in training courses
Number of fellowships
Number scientific Visits
Number of assignments by IAEA Staff
Number of assignments by international experts and lecturers
Number of assignments by national consultants
Number of participants in meetings and workshops
Interregional
114 38
253
165 1
171
Africa
887
146 41
122
166 44
206
East Asia & Pacific
988
183 49
113
175 25
118
Europe
1319 60
111
161
308 37
292
Latin America
570 81 8 98
349 46
137
West Asia
955
287 57
238 21
169
TOTAL
4719
871
304
861
1401
174
1093
K.M. TMM November 2007

18. Progress Achieved for Milestone 1: Regulatory infrastructure
87 out of 91
About 60% had achieved the regulatory level of compliance presumed in the Preamble to the BSS
K.M. TMM November 2007

19. Content Background. Radiation Protection in the three phases NG-G-3.1
Agency Strategy in radiation protection: Model Project on upgrading radiation protection infrastructure.
Conclusion.
K.M. TMM November 2007

20. Conclusion
Vision and proactive strategy for effective & sustainable radiation protection infrastructure;
Substantial progress has been made through the Model Project & its follow up projects;
K.M. TMM November 2007

21. Conclusion (cont’d)
Commitment at the national levels for continuous improvement and sustainability; and
Development and strengthening of regional expertise, networking and sharing of knowledge and experience.
K.M. TMM November 2007

22. E-mail: K.Mrabit@iaea.org
Thank you!
K.M. TMM November 2007