1. CSC1201: Programming Language 2 Lecture 1 Level 2 Course Nouf Aljaffan (C) 2012 - CSC 1201 Course at KSU1

2. C++ OVERVIEW Nouf Aljaffan (C) 2012 - CSC 1201 Course at KSU2

3. “Hello World” program #include using namespace std; int main ()‏ { cout << “Hello World\n”; Return 0; } include information from the standard input/output library, iostream. The instruction is more properly called a “preprocessor” instruction The # hash character starts the line to denote a preprocessor instruction. library name must be enclosed by angled brackets. 3 Nouf Aljaffan (C) 2012 - CSC 1201 Course at KSU

4. “Hello World” program using namespace std; The second line of the program makes all the functions within the iostream library available for use by their standard names, which are in the namespace std. One of these is a function named cout that is used to write the output from a program. int main ()‏ In the function declaration the data type is specified as int, meaning integer. This means that after executing its statements this function must return an integer value to the operating system. The braces { } contain the statements to be executed by the program. The final statement in the main function Return a value of zero to the operating system to indicate that the program executed correctly. 4 Nouf Aljaffan (C) 2012 - CSC 1201 Course at KSU

5. DATA TYPES Nouf Aljaffan (C) 2012 - CSC 1201 Course at KSU5

6. DATA TYPES 6 Nouf Aljaffan (C) 2012 - CSC 1201 Course at KSU

7. RESERVED WORDS Key Words 7 Nouf Aljaffan (C) 2012 - CSC 1201 Course at KSU

8. ESCAPE SEQUENCES 8 Nouf Aljaffan (C) 2012 - CSC 1201 Course at KSU

9. Declaring and Initializing Variables To declare variables for example ◦ int first, second; ◦ char ch; ◦ double x; ◦ bool flage; To declare and initialize variables for example ◦ int first = 13, second = 10; ◦ char ch = ‘A’; ◦ double x = 12.6; ◦ bool flage = true; 9 Nouf Aljaffan (C) 2012 - CSC 1201 Course at KSU

10. Input (Read) Statement The syntax of cin together with >> is: cin >> variable >> variable >> ……….; ◦ For example: cin >> first >> second; 10 Nouf Aljaffan (C) 2012 - CSC 1201 Course at KSU

11. Output The syntax of cout together with << is: cout << expression or manipulator << expression or manipulator ……….; The expression is evaluated and its value is printed at the current insertion point on the output device. A manipulator is used to format the output. The simplest manipulator is endl. 11 Nouf Aljaffan (C) 2012 - CSC 1201 Course at KSU

12. Working with String The C++ class provides methods to manipulate strings of text. This is an example of Declaring and initializing a string variable #include using namespace std; int main()‏ { string str = "C++ is fun"; …………} 12 Nouf Aljaffan (C) 2012 - CSC 1201 Course at KSU

13. Control Structures IF statement: if (condition) { statement(s); } IF Else statement: if (condition) { statement(s); ← True Branch } else { statement(s); ← False Branch } 13 Nouf Aljaffan (C) 2012 - CSC 1201 Course at KSU

14. Example : If statement #include using namespace std; int main() { int num=2; bool flag=0; if( (num==2) && (flag) ) { cout << "The first test is true\n"; } else if( (num==2) && (!flag) ) { cout << "The second test is true\n"; } return 0; } 14 Nouf Aljaffan (C) 2012 - CSC 1201 Course at KSU

15. Switch Structures 15 Nouf Aljaffan (C) 2012 - CSC 1201 Course at KSU

16. Example: Switch Structures #include #include using namespace std; int main() {} 16 char letter; cout << "Enter any a-z character: "; cin >> letter; switch(letter) { case 'a' : cout << "Letter \'a\' found\n"; break; case 'b' : cout << "Letter \'b\' found\n"; break; case 'c' : cout << "Letter \'c\' found\n"; break; default : cout << "Letter is not a, b or c\n"; } return 0; Nouf Aljaffan (C) 2012 - CSC 1201 Course at KSU

17. Relational Operators in C++ 17 Nouf Aljaffan (C) 2012 - CSC 1201 Course at KSU

18. Logical Operators in C++ 18 Nouf Aljaffan (C) 2012 - CSC 1201 Course at KSU

19. While looping Structure While (condition) { statement(s); } 19 Nouf Aljaffan (C) 2012 - CSC 1201 Course at KSU

20. Example: While loop #include using namespace std; int main() { int i=0; while( i<=20 ) { cout << i << " "; i = i + 5 ; } cout << endl; return 0; } output: 0 5 10 15 20 Nouf Aljaffan (C) 2012 - CSC 1201 Course at KSU20

21. For looping Structure  for (expression1; condition; expression2)  {  statement(s)  } 21 Nouf Aljaffan (C) 2012 - CSC 1201 Course at KSU

22. Example: For Loop #include using namespace std; int main() { int i,num; cout<<"enter any number: "; cin>>num; for ( i=1 ; i<=10 ; i++ )‏ { cout << endl << num << "*“ << i << "=“ << num*i << endl; } return 0; } Nouf Aljaffan (C) 2012 - CSC 1201 Course at KSU22 Output : enter any number : 1 1*1=1 1*2=2 1*3=3..