1. Product Liability and Safety In design In manufacturing In marketing

2. In Design Plan for safety as a requirement  Fire, explosion,electrocution, contamination,... Design reviews for safety Demonstrate an attitude of concern

3. Design Reviews for Safety It’s not good enough just to make it work Follow established standards  ANSI, NEC, NESC, UL, IEEE, etc.

4. Demonstrate an Attitude of Concern Safety analysis  Preliminary Hazard Analysis, Failure Modes and Effects Analysis, Fault Tree Analysis, etc. Identify high energy systems  Danger! HIGH VOLTAGE Identify critical systems  Failures in what subsystems/components will cause catastrophic failure.

5. Safety Analysis Each system Each subsystem Each board Each component Single-point Multipoint

6. Identify High Energy Systems Guard Isolate Monitor heat Alarm systems Warn when you can’t avoid

7. Identify Critical Systems Controls Power to controls Power to life support Electrical grounding Make redundant Make robust Make fail-safe

8. In Manufacturing Quality assurance Quality control Incoming parts Procedures followed Systems going out  Functional testing  Safety testing

9. In Marketing Warnings as a last resort  Surgeon General’s warning Incorporate human factors engineering  Ergonomics Attorney  Intentional - knowingly and deliberately –Ford Pinto  Negligent - didn’t know, but insufficient safety considerations –no life support backup systems  Reckless - not intentional, but knowingly –Challenger