1. IT 284 Unit 4 Seminar

2. WAP Model

3. Wireless WAP Network

4. JavaScript WMLScript HTML WML SSL WTLS HTTP-Session WSP TCP WTL
A Wireless “Replacement” for Current Web Standards
The Wired WEB
WAP
JavaScript
WMLScript
HTML
WML
SSL
WTLS
HTTP-Session
WSP
TCP
WTL
IP(UDP)
WDP

5. WAP application

6. WAP Architecture In a real WAP solution, the main components include:
WAP Device
Bearer
WAP Gateway
Content
Content Server

7. How Wireless Internet Works
To create wireless Internet content, a Web site creates special text only or low graphics versions of the site. The data is sent in HTTP form by a Web server to a WAP gateway. This system includes the WAP encoder, script compiler and protocol adapters to convert the HTTP information to WML. The gateway then sends the converted data to the WAP client on your wireless device.

8. WAP Architecture (contd)…
Web Server
Content
CGI
Scripts
etc.
with WML-Script
WML Decks
WAP Gateway
WML Encoder
WMLScript
Compiler
Protocol Adapters
Client
WML
WML-Script
WTAI
Etc.
HTTP
WSP/WTP .

9. WAP Architecture (contd)….
How is WAP different from Internet?
WAP is a standardized technology for cross-platform, distributed computing, very similar to Internet’s combination of HTTP and HTML except that it includes one vital feature…
Optimization for low-display capability, low-memory and low bandwidth devices such as PDA, mobile phones etc.

10. WAP Architecture (contd)…
WAE - holds the tools that wireless Internet content developers use.
WSP - determines whether a session between the device and the network will be connection-oriented or connectionless.
WTP - acts like a traffic cop, keeping the data flowing in a logical and smooth manner. It also determines how to classify each transaction request:
Reliable two way (WTP/C)
Reliable one way (WTP/T)
Unreliable one way (WTP/D)
WTLS - provides many of the same security features found in the Transport Layer Security (TLS) part of TCP/IP.
WDP - makes it easy to adapt the transport layer to a variety of bearers because all that needs to change is the information maintained at this level.
To minimize bandwidth requirements, and guarantee that a variety of wireless networks can run WAP applications, a new lightweight protocol stack called the WAP protocol stack was developed.
The application protocol is a communication protocol stack that is embedded in each WAP-enabled wireless device (also known as the user agent). The server side implements the other end of the protocol, which is capable of communicating with any WAP client. The server side is known as a WAP gateway and routes requests from the client to an HTTP (or Web) server.
WAE - The Wireless Application Environment holds the tools that wireless Internet content developers use. These include WML and WMLScript, which is a scripting language used in conjunction with WML. It functions much like Javascript.
WSP - The Wireless Session Protocol determines whether a session between the device and the network will be connection-oriented or connectionless. What this is basically talking about is whether or not the device needs to talk back and forth with the network during a session. A connection-oriented session means that data will be passed both ways between the device and the network. WSP would then send the packet to the Wireless Transaction Protocol layer. If the session is connectionless, commonly used when information is being broadcast or streamed from the network to the device, then WSP redirects the packet to the Wireless Datagram Protocol layer.
WTLS - Wireless Transport Layer Security provides many of the same security features found in the Transport Layer Security (TLS) part of TCP/IP. It checks data integrity, provides encryption and performs client and server authentication.
Network carriers, or bearers, can be any of the existing technologies that wireless providers use
The WSP and WTP layers correspond to HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) in the TCP/IP protocol suite.
Platforms Supported:
Win32
Solaris
HPUX
Linux
Windows CE
Palm OS
Additional platforms available upon request

11. WAP Components (contd)…
WAP Gateway
Encoder: converts WML to binarized WML
Adaptor: provides additional information through HTTP header
Translate HTTP requests to WSP.
Convert between SSL and WTLS
Convert transport protocols (TCP and WDP)

12. WAP Components (contd)…
WML (Wireless Markup Language)
An XML-based markup language that describes how WAP content is presented on a wireless terminal
Differs from HTML in the following
WML was specifically designed for wireless terminals with a target screen that is only a few lines long and about an inch wide.
WML is case sensitive, and all tags and attributes should be in lowercase.
Unlike HTML, WML is unforgiving of incorrectly nested tags.
WML doesn't assume that a keyboard or a mouse is available for user input.
Based on these differences, WML provides a smaller, telephony-aware set of tags that make it more appropriate than HTML for handheld wireless terminals.

13. WAP Content
WAP content (WML and WMLScript) is converted into a compact binary form for transmission over the air

14. WAP Microbrowser
The WAP microbrowser software within the mobile device interprets the byte code and displays the interactive WAP content

15. Some WAP applications Location-based services Financial services
Real-time traffic reporting
Event/restaurant recommendation
Highly customized ads
Instant messaging-type “buddy” location
Enterprise solutions
access
Database access
A “global intranet”
Information updates “pushed” to WAP devices
Financial services
Banking
Bill-paying
Stock trading
Funds transfers
Travel services
Schedules and rescheduling
Reservations