1. Immune System

2. Provide 3 cells and/or molecules involved in specific defense.
Define the following:
B cells
T cells
Macrophages
Provide 3 cells and/or molecules involved in specific defense.
Provide 3 cells and/or molecules involved in non-speccific defense.

4. Innate Immunity What is innate immunity? Present from birth
Non specific
External
Skin
Mucous membranes
Internal
Macrophages
phagocytes

5. Phagocytic cells Phagocytes bind to non-self surface carbohydrates
microbe is engulfed forming a vacuole
lysosome fuses with vacuole
Evolution of microbes:
Extra capsule hides non-self surface carbohydrates
Resistant to destruction by lysosomes

6. Pahgocytic Leukocytes
Neutrophils: most abundant
Phagocytes that engulf and destroy microbes
Self destruct  pus
Monocytes: more effective
Macrophages
Reside mainly in lymph nodes, spleen and lymph tissues
Eosinophils: less abunadant limited role
Fight multicellular parasites
Dendritic cells:
Stimulate aquired immunity

7. Antimicrobial Proteins
Complement system
Interferons
Secreted by virus infected cells
Induce other non-infected cells to release viral inhibitors
Defensins
Secreted by macrophages
Damage pathogens

8. Responses Localized inflammatory response Fever
Septic shock – systemic inflamation
Natural killer cells
Attack cancer and virus-infected cells

9. Lymphatic System

12. Acquired Immunity

13. Antigen Recognition What are the two main types of lymphocytes?
B cells
T cells
There are antigen receptors on these cells
Antigen receptors are specific for an epitope

14. B cell Receptors Y shaped with Recognize intact antigens
2 heavy chains
2 light chains
Recognize intact antigens

15. T cell Receptors Recognizes self/non self complexes Class I MHC
Pieces of antigens
MHC
Class I MHC
Class II MHC

16. Lymphocyte development
How do lymphocytes develop?
Pleuripotent stem cells in bone marrow
T cells migrate to thymus
B cells mature in bone marrow

17. Lymphocyte Diversity 40 V chain options 5 J chain options
How many different combinations of V/J arrangements are possible?
40 V x 5 J = 200

18. How do we avoid auto immune issues?
Before B cells and T cells mature, they are checked for class I and class II MHC compatibility.
If they are compatible they are destroyed

19. Clonal Selection of Lymphocytes
B cells, TH, and TC cells may be activated by finding their antigen in the body
Binding of the antigen stimulated the cell to:
Generate short-lived clone of effector cells
Generate long-lived memory cells

21. Primary and Secondary Immunity

22. Humoral and Cell mediated Immunity

23. Helper T cells
Clone of TH cells

24. Clone of TH cells

25. Cytotoxic T cells

26. Humoral Immune Response

27. Antibodies

28. Role of Antibodies

29. Active and Passive Immunity
What is the difference between active and passive immunity?
Active immunity
Natural exposure to antigen
Immunization
Passive immunity
Transferred antibodies
Seen with pregnant and nursing women
Also with anti-venom injections

32. Blood Groups
Why would a person with type A blood have anti – B antibodies?
There are bacteria with similar antigens
The immune response produced by blood group antigens has no memory
Blood mixing at birth causes no problems fro future pregnancies
Rh factors, however, do have memory so there is a problem here
How do Rh negative mothers deal with blood from Rh positive babies?

33. Allergic Response

34. Autoimmune Diseases

35. Found in most body cells
When infected or cancerous presents antigen fragments
Identify the self/nonself complex
Recognized by Tc cells

36. Known as antigen presenting cells
Class II MHC found on
Dendritic cells
Macrophages
B cells
Known as antigen presenting cells

40. Macrophage ingesting a yeast cell

41. Lining of trachea with orange mucus producing cells and yellow cilia