1. PSYCHOLOGY Perceptual Interpretation

2. Nature vs. Nurture zKant - innate/nature (born with- inherited) zLocke - learn by experience/nurture (blank slate) Nurture sculpts what nature has endowed

3. Restored vision studies *Patients with cataracts from birth & later removed could identify figure from ground & sense color - so this suggests some perceptual abilities are innate *But could NOT recognize sight objects or shapes -suggests critical period for sensory perceptual development

4. Sensory Restriction: Blakemore & Cooper, 1970  Kittens raised with exposure to horizontal lines later had difficulty perceiving vertical bars  Selective blindness to the lines they were not exposed to

5. Perceptual Interpretation Perceptual Adaptation (vision) ability to adjust to an artificially displaced visual field  prism glasses/distortion goggles demo

6. How do our beliefs, expectations, etc. shape interpretation? Perceptual Set a mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another  greatly impacts what we perceive

7. Unscramble the words 1.LULB EXAMPLE BULL 2.CALEM 3.NUKKS 4.SEUMO 5.BAZER 6.EAP

8. Unscramble the words 1.NORCExample CORN 2.NOONI 3.MATOOT 4.PREPPE 5.TEBE 6.EAP

9. Perceptual Set  What you see in thecenter is influenced by perceptual set

10. PERCEPTUAL SET  Ex. Loch Ness monster  Ex. Cheer up vs. gear up in the pilot  Ex. Backmasking when told what to listen for  Ex. Picture of costume ball vs. Trained seal  Old lady vs. young lady

11. Perception & Schemas Schema - formed concepts created from experience ySchemas help determine our perceptual set zEx. What do you expect to see in an office based on prior experience with offices? zWhat do you expect to see, hear, etc. zEx. anagrams

12. Perceptual Set: Schemas Flying Saucers or Clouds?

13. Context Effects Context Effects: yTalking about fruit… likely to hear peel instead of wheel; cults & sects or cults & sex yContext creates expectation that influences our perception or interpretation zEx. Rabbits in box picture zEx. Students don’t recognize teachers at store zEx. Handout 15-1 #3

14. What do they teach us? Perceptual sets, schemas, & context effect show how experience helps us construct perception Culture Emotion Sterotypes

15. Perception and the Human Factor Human Factors Psychology  explores how people and machines interact  explores how machine and physical environments can be adapted to human behaviors

16. Perceptual Set: Human Factors Actual descent path Pilot’s perceived descent path Altitude looks this much higher 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 Distance from runway (miles) 10 8 6 4 2 0 Altitude (thousands of feet)

17. Extrasensory Perception? Extrasensory Perception (ESP)  controversial claim that perception can occur apart from sensory input 1. Telepathy - mind to mind comm. 2. Clairvoyance - perceiving remote events 3. Precognition - perceiving future events

18. Terms Parapsychology  the study of paranormal phenomena, including ESP & Psychokinesis Psychokinesis - mind over matter  Scientific research is not strong, skepticism exists