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Published byOliver Richard Modified over 9 years ago
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Stage 1 Psychology Human Development Piaget (1896-1980)
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Piaget Cognitive development (as opposed to physical, emotional, social etc)
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What alters how children think? Interaction with the environment and maturation gradually alter the way children think Schema – mental files for each bit of knowledge
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Assimilation – involves interpreting new experiences in terms of existing mental structures (schema) without changing them Dogs Cats Horses
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Assimilation – involves interpreting new experiences in terms of existing mental structures (schema) without changing them Dogs Cats Horses Fox Accommodation – involves changing existing mental structures (schema) to explain new experiences
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Sensorimotor stage (0-2 years) Gradual move to representational thought Object permanence Language Da Da Da
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4-8 months
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Sensorimotor stage (0-2 years) 6 substages: –Modification of reflexes (0- 1 month) –Primary circular reactions (1-4 months) –Secondary circular reactions (4-10 months) –Coordination of secondary schemes (10-12 months) –Tertiary circular reactions (12-18 months) –Mental combinations (18-24 months) Basic reflexes Trial and error schema –Own body (thumb sucking) –Objects (shaking a rattle) Combining intentional schema (getting a toy from behind a box – pushing and grasping) Trial and error explorations (dropping or throwing things from different positions) Early attempts to mentally represent things (opening/closing a hand to rehearse getting the lid off a box)
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Baby Reflexes
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AgeAverage number of words 8 months0 10 months1 12 months3 15 months19 18 months22 21 months118 24 months272 Language
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Preoperational thought Increased mental representational thought Intuitive logic Conservation
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Representational thought (Let the number of cats = x) Language Age Number of Words 13 1.522 2272 2.5446 3896 3.51222 41540 4.51870 52072 5.52289 62562
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Artwork
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Mental representation in play
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Symbolic thought in play
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Intuitive logic Egocentrism – can’t see other’s point of view Animism – Inanimate objects have conscious feelings and life Artificialism – Natural events or objects are under someone’s control
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Conservation
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Concrete operations Reversibility Decentration – multiple focuses Dynamic transformations (not just static end point) Class inclusion Transitive inferences
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Formal Operations Ability to operate with abstract information If… then… Abstract to other times and other situations Mathematics and algebra
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Habituation
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