1. Foothill High School Science Department Frontiers of Biotechnology DNA Fingerprinting

2. Foothill High School Science Department DNA Fingerprinting DNA Fingerprints Identify Living Organisms at the Molecular Level DNA Fingerprints are a type of Restriction Map DNA Fingerprinting is used for Identification

3. Foothill High School Science Department DNA Fingerprint as Restriction Map DNA FingerprintsDNA Fingerprints –Are unique for each individual (except for identical twins) –Use noncoding regions of the DNA Focuses on repeating DNA sequences, NOT specific A,T,C,G nucleotide matchesFocuses on repeating DNA sequences, NOT specific A,T,C,G nucleotide matches Uses Restriction Enzymes designed to cut out specific repeating DNA sequencesUses Restriction Enzymes designed to cut out specific repeating DNA sequences

4. Foothill High School Science Department Repeating DNA Sequences

5. Foothill High School Science Department DNA Fingerprints & Probability Based on DNA repeating subunits at multiple locations in the genomeBased on DNA repeating subunits at multiple locations in the genome –The more locations tested, the more accurate the match For legal purposes, comparison of a minimum of five (5) locations/regions requiredFor legal purposes, comparison of a minimum of five (5) locations/regions required

6. Foothill High School Science Department Uses of DNA Fingerprints Legal IdentificationsLegal Identifications –PCR magnifies very small samples –Convict the guilty –Free the innocent Innocence Project has freed >170 wrongfully convicted peopleInnocence Project has freed >170 wrongfully convicted people Family RelationshipsFamily Relationships –Paternity –Kinship BiodiversityBiodiversity Bioengineered organismsBioengineered organisms