1. ROBERT COOPER: THE POST-MODERN STATE AND THE WORLD ORDER JONATHAN SMITH 4013R966-2 EUROPE AND ASIA CLASS 2013/11/18

2. CONTENTS 1.The old order11. Dangers 2.Cold War order12. Reflections 3.The new world order13. World order apartheid 4.Pre-modern world14. Intervention Problems 5.Modern world15. The U.S. 6.Post-modern world16. Can the EU go alone? 7.Post-modern state 8.Security implications 9.Security and the modern world 10.Security and the pre-modern world

3. THE OLD ORDER 1648 – 1945 Small European states competing with one another Balance of power Inherent instability Imposed on rest of world through empire Seeds of destruction sewn long before the end 1) German unification 2) Military technology 3) Rise of democracy Assumptions of hegemony

4. THE COLD WAR SYSTEM Not really a new system Global balance of power logic Nuclear deterrence System not built to last War of ideas

5. NEW WORLD ORDER 1989 End of balance of power system in Europe Europe sought method of solving disputes

6. PRE-MODERN WORLD ORDER Pre-state/post-imperial chaos State lost monopoly on legitimate use of force Either lost or taken away Imperial urge gone

7. MODERN WORLD ORDER Classical state remains intact State sovereignty World of IR scholarship Balance of power still developing New states

8. POST-MODERN WORLD ORDER Collapse of state system Failure of balance of power to ensure security Treaty of Rome Conventional Forces in Europe Treaty Balance and transparency Open governance revolution Key characteristics

9. POST-MODERN WORLD Conquest of territory and population unattractive Why? i) Disconnect between resources and prosperity ii) Nationalism Security through transparency, transparency through integration New way of seeing national interest Who’s in the order? Europe, Canada. Japan? Russia? US?

10. POST-MODERN STATE Pluralist, complex, de-centralised Not chaotic Individual value

11. SECURITY IMPLICATIONS New world but no world order European zone of safety, outside zone of danger and chaos Threefold security policy needed Accompanied by threefold mindset No more absolutes Security within post-modern zone

12. SECURITY AND THE MODERN WORLD Possibility of joining post-modern system Still playing by previous rules Uncertainty Wars against threats, not for principles Danger of unity Deliberate double standards Cannot neglect defences

13. SECURITY AND PRE-MODERN WORLD Rational response Dangers of becoming actively involved Rational but not realistic Domestic sentiments Liberal cosmopolitanism Wide scope for humanitarian intervention Halfway houses Different set of rules

14. DANGERS FACING POST-MODERN STATE 1.Danger from pre-modern 2.Danger from modern 3.Danger from within

15. REFLECTIONS

16. WORLD ORDER APARTHEID How does a modern state become post-modern? Who could do it? When did this divide become inevitable?

17. INTERVENTION PROBLEMS What an army is for Can relative goals sit with leading post-modern states’ self-image?

18. THE UNITED STATES Is it a post-modern state? Does European post-modernism depend on the U.S.?

19. INDEPENDENT EU Can the EU go alone? Double standards and compromises Post-modern imperialism? Possibility of backsliding?