2.   Location:  Capital: Istanbul  Turkey, extended into Europe and North Africa  Famous ruler:  Suleiman the Magnificent Ottomans

3.   Location:  Centered in Iran  Famous ruler:  Abbas the Great Safavids

4.  Comparison Ottomans  Sunni  Sultan was leader  Empire lasted longer Safavids  Shi’ite  Shah was leader  Ally of Europe  Both: Tolerant, trade flourished, absolute rulers

5.   “Sick Man of Europe”  Reasons: Empire couldn’t control provinces  “Young Turks”  Overthrew Sultan  Counter reforms and atrocities  World War I  Ally with Germany = losers Modern Turkey

6.   Built industries with government funds  Separated religion and government  Replaced Islamic law with Western model  Women given more rights  Set up secular public schools  Used western calendar, metric system, and alphabet  Changed dress codes:  Men forbidden to wear Fez  Women forbidden to veil their faces Kemal Atatürk

7.   Importance:  Reduced distance for trade, travel  Lowered cost and time for travel  Made Middle East center for trade Suez Canal

8.   Reasons for creation:  Arabs angry at Europe for Imperialism and Colonialism  Balfour Declaration  Arabs call for single, unified Arab state  Goals:  Participating countries equal  Strengthen relations between Arab states  Become world power  Reduce European influence in Mid East Arab League

9.   Pros:  Many very wealthy members  Large oil deposits  Membership is expanding  Cons:  Several very poor members  Many internal disagreements  Not Pro-West Arab League

10.   Definition:  Movement for unification among the peoples and countries of the Arab World  Closely connected to Arab nationalism, which believes that Arabs constitute a single nation  Pan-Arabism has tended to be secular (apart from religion) and often socialist  Main supporter:  Gamal Abdel Nasser Pan-Arabism

11.   What did the Declaration create?  Country of Israel, home for Jews  Reasons it started conflict  Muslims vs Jews  Two people, one homeland  Both claim holy land as their own Balfour Declaration

12.   Definition: Movement for the establishment and support of a national homeland for Jews in Palestine Zionism