1. Bangladesh Progress of Flood Reconstruction Programmes
Presented by
Ahmadul Hassan
Division Head, R & D and Training/
Water Resources Planner
Center for Environmental and Geographic Information Services (CEGIS)
Dhaka, Bangladesh

2. Geographical Context Climate: Topography: Pre-monsoon : March –May
Monsoon: June – September
Pos-monsoon: October - November
Dry season: December – February
Average Annual Rainfall: mm
Average temperature : 25 – 35 oc (falls below 10 oc in winter)
Topography:
Largest delta in the world
80% area is the floodplains of three major rivers (Ganges, Brahmaputra and Meghna)
Hilly area is 12 % and terrace area is 8%
Land elevation varies from –3 to 90 m MSL
More than 50% of the flood plain within 5 m MSL

3. Floods in Bangladesh Types : Flash flood: Rainfed flood River flood
Flood due to storm surges
Flood Classification and
Probability of Occurrence

4. Floods in Bangladesh More frequent extreme flood Higher economic loss
More macro and micro infrastructure damage
Loss
1988
1998
2004
No. of Livestock killed
172,000
26,564
8,318
Crops damage (m.ha)
2.12
1.74
1.30
Deaths
2,300
1,100
747
Rice prod. Loss (m MT)
1.65
2.06
1.00
No. of People affected
45 million
31 million
36 million
Roads damaged (km)
13,000
15,927
27,970
Percent of land inundated 60 68 38
No. of homes damaged/ destroyed
7.2 million
980,000
4 million
Total Lossess
Tk billion
(USD 1.4 billion)
Tk 118 billion
(USD 2 billion)
Tk. 134 billion
(USD 2.3 billion)

5. Flood Measures Structural Measures:
Goal: Poverty reduction
Objectives:
Food security- more cereal productions, culture fisheries and reduce damages
Safety – protect micro and macro investments
Structural Measures:
- Three types: Flood Control, Drainage and Irrigation
- From 1960, about 684 numbers of large, medium and small flood control projects.
- Protects 5.9 million ha out of 8 million ha flood vulnerable area
- Total investment about US$ 4 billion
Non- Structural Measures:
- Flood zoning – difficult to implement
- Flood Insurance – Currently initiated by NGOs and GOs
- Early warning – FFWC forecast with 3 days lead time and planning to increase upto 10 days lead time for more preparedness at all levels
Implementing Agency
Medium to large :
BWDB, Ministry of Water Resources
Small: LGED, Ministry of Local Government
Implementing Agency
Early Warning : FFWC/ BWDB

8. Flood 2004
Causes
- Flash flood (April): 70% excess rainfall in Northeastern region and 33% excess rainfall in Southeastern region. Sylhet, Sunamganj and Chittagang areas are affected
- Flood due to storm surge (May 17-19): Chittagang coastal area is affected
- River flood (July): Brahmaputra and Meghna basins received 30 %and 42% excess rainfall. River stage of Meghna at Chandpur remained 1.1 m high from danger level for 45 days. 38% area (39 districts) was very severely flooded.
- Rainfed flooding (September 12 – 17): Unexpected torrential rain flooded 12 districts
Figure: FFWC Model generated flood inundation map

9. Flood Damage in 2004 Damages of Flood Control Structures
BWDB’s Initial Assessment: 6.08 billion Taka
BWDB’s assessment by Consultants: 7.8 billion Taka (US$
Infrastructure
Total Quantity
Total ( Taka in billion)
Embankment
Full (km)
Part (km)
147
2390
2.397
Irrigation canal/ Drainage canal
WCS (Nos)
219
336 35
400
0.248
0.615
Project Work
10 km, 2-spur & 1-T groyne
35 km, 15-spur & 2-groyne
4.416
Others (Nos)
Item
Different Items
0.128
Grand Total

10. Flood Reconstruction Programmes
Flood Damage Category I Flood protection embankments/ road II Irrigation canals / Drainage channels III Structures ( Water regulators, sluice, irrigation inlets, etc. IV River training / town protection works V Others (Guard shed, pump house, etc.)
Flood Damage Priority
Priority
Criteria
Emergency Work
During
Immediately needed to execute to stop further damages to infrastructure, country’s general economy and damages to public infrastructures. Do not require any modification of existing design or do not need any land acquisition
Short Term Work
During
Works of an emergency nature and economic priority.
Work need to be carried over from 2004 –05 year
Will require further investigation and design
Will need land acquisition
Damage intensity comparatively less than that of emergency term
Mid Term Work
During
Works need to be carried over from 2005 –06
Damage intensity comparatively less

11. Emergency Reconstruction Programmes for Flood 2004
Infrastructures
Full
Part
Embankments (km)
158
1517
Irrigation canal/ Drainage channels (km)
134
100
Water control structure (nos) 29
522
Protective works (km)
9.5 22
Total No. of Projects: 201
ABD funded: 185
GOB funded: 16
ADB financed project: Emergency Flood Damage Rehabilitation Project (component D)
ABD and GOB provides m USD
Project Duration: 3 years
Short Term and Mid Term programmes are waiting for fund

12. Non-structural Measures
Early Warning
Implementing Agency: FFWC
Coverage: 60% of river floodplain (52 locations)
Lead Time: 72 houres
Produce: Flood buletine and warning message
Dissemination media: website, fax, mobile
Plan:
- Increase lead time upto 10 days
- Extent coverage area upto village
- Package EW more usefull and response oriented
ADB considering this project called ‘Strengthening EWS in Bangladesh

13. Proposed EW Programmes

14. Benefit from Proposed EWS Programme
Damage profile for Household
Yearly benefit = Tk. 2,643 Million
Damage profile for Infrastructure
Yearly benefit = Tk. 662 Million
Damage profile for Agriculture
Yearly benefit = Tk. 1,708 Million

15. Conclusion
Protective structure not well maintained due to lack of O & M fund. 2.5 % normally allocated but reality % really used for maintenance.
Flood control embankments, if not maintained beyond 5-10 years, become vulnerable to extreme floods
Beneficiaries are not made responsible for maintaining and managing the structures.
No well accepted Damage Assessment Procedure in place
EW messages are not fully utilized by infrastructure managers
In addition to maintaining existing flood control measures, EWS can be utilize to reduce damage as well as O & M cost

16. Recommendations Increase O & M fund.
Protective structure should be regularly maintained and regular inspection should carried out to ensure regular maintenance
Small flood management project should be managed by the stakeholders.
Medium and Large flood management projects should be managed by both BWDB and stakeholders.
End-to-End EWS with sufficient lead time should be taken up by the government.

17. THANK YOU