1. Urine Volume Regulation

2. Volume Regulation 1. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) – IF blood volume LOW – Pituitary releases ADH

3. Volume Regulation - ADH causes Water reabsorption DCT and Collecting tubules

4. Volume Regulation 2. Aldosterone – IF blood volume LOW – Adrenal cortex releases Aldosterone

5. Volume Regulation - Aldosterone causes absorption of Sodium DCT and Collecting tubules Results in Water absorption from Collecting tubules

6. Volume Regulation 3. Amount of solutes in Renal tubule – The more solutes in urine, the more Water in urine

7. Renal Disease

8. 1. Renal Obstruction o Urine “backup” causing inflammation of the Pelvis and Calyces

9. Renal Obstruction o Renal Calculi (kidney stones) -Mineral crystallization -Most common - Calcium

10. Renal Obstruction o May obstruct the ureter oTreatment -Pass it -Break it - Lithotripsy -Surgery

17. 2. Proteinuria oProteins in the urine oDamaged Bowman’s capsule

18. 3. Glycosuria oGlucose in the urine oExcess cannot be reabsorbed

19. 4. Hematuria oBlood in the urine oIndicator of kidney disease

20. 5. Ketonuria oKetones in the urine oIndicates diabetes or starvation (fat metabolism)

21. 6. Casts oMolds of cells formed in renal tubules oIndicator of nephron disease

22. RBC Cast

23. WBC Cast