1. Electronic Publishing and the Economics of Information SLA 2001 Carol Tenopir University of Tennessee, Knoxville ctenopir@utk.edu http://web.utk.edu/~tenopir/tenopir.html Donald W. King University of Pittsburgh dwking@mail.sis.pitt.edu

2. Carol Tenopir and Donald W. King. Towards Electronic Journals: Realities for Scientists, Librarians, and Publishers, 2000. Jose-Marie Griffiths and Donald W. King. Special Libraries: Increasing the information Edge, 1993.

3. We will cover: Part I: Electronic Publishing Part II: Implications for Libraries – Data Collection & Measurement

4. Part I: Electronic Publishing Overview of Electronic Journals Licensing Options & Issues Usage Studies

5. Overview of Electronic Journals

6. Main Questions: Is the title I need available electronically? What is included in the e-version? Can I cancel print?

7. Useful Publications Directory of Scholarly Electronic Journals and Academic Discussion Lists, 1st ed. Editors, Dru W. Mogge and Peter Budka. Association of Research Libraries, 2000. Fulltext Sources Online. Edited by Donald T. Hawkins and Mary B. Glose. Medford, NJ: Information Today, twice yearly.

8. Growth in Peer Reviewed E-Journals

9. Growth in Full Text Sources

10. Major Electronic Publishers Elsevier Science Direct Springer Link Academic Press Johns Hopkins American Chemical Society

11. Major Electronic Journal Aggregators (General) OCLC EBSCO ProQuest Gale Group H.W. Wilson

12. Major Electronic Journal Aggregators (Specialized) JSTOR OVID Highwire PubMed Central LexisNexis Dialog Factiva

13. Electronic Journals Paper byproduct Text only Document delivery Linked to indexing Electronic only Multimedia Interactive Direct from publisher 1 2 3 4 5

14. Electronic Journals Paper byproduct Text only Document delivery Linked to indexing Electronic only Multimedia Interactive Direct from publisher 1 2 3 4 5

15. Electronic Journals Paper byproduct Text only Document delivery Linked to indexing Electronic only Multimedia Interactive Direct from publisher 1 2 3 4 5

16. Electronic Journals Paper byproduct Text only Document delivery Linked to indexing Electronic only Multimedia Interactive Direct from publisher 1 2 3 4 5

17. Electronic Journals Paper byproduct Text only Document delivery Linked to indexing Electronic only Multimedia Interactive Direct from publisher 1 2 3 4 5

18. Electronic Journals Paper byproduct Text only Document delivery Linked to indexing Electronic only Multimedia Interactive Direct from publisher 1 2 3 4 5

19. Electronic Journals Paper byproduct Text only Document delivery Linked to indexing Electronic only Multimedia Interactive Direct from publisher 1 2 3 4 5

20. Electronic Journals Paper byproduct Text only Document delivery Linked to indexing Electronic only Multimedia Interactive Direct from publisher 1 2 3 4 5

21. Electronic Journals Paper byproduct Text only Document delivery Linked to indexing Electronic only Multimedia Interactive Direct from publisher 1 2 3 4 5

22. Category 1 Paper byproduct, text only, document delivery, linked to indexing, full text searching 1

23. Category 2 Text and graphics of full articles, image, document delivery, linked to indexing, print still dominant 2

24. Category 3 Electronic journals, print still dominant, most of journal is online (e.g., ads, letters), may be less than print 3

25. Library Journal http://libraryjournal.com

26. Category 4 Electronic journals, offer substantially more than print, print still available, multimedia, interactivity, may be limited 4

27. Chemical & Engineering News http://pubs.acs.org/cen/

28. Category 5 Fully electronic, no print, multimedia, interactive, direct from publisher 5

29. Journal of Electronic Publishing http://www.press.umich.edu/jep

30. D-Lib Magazine http://www.dlib.org

31. Other Factors to Consider: Coverage Pricing policy Licensing restrictions Preference of your users

32. Licensing Options & Issues

33. Licensing Options: Pay-as-you-go Fixed-rate User-based

34. Pay-as-you-go: Connect-time Output-based Per search

35. Fixed-rate: One-time cost or yearly subscription rate Licenses or terms and conditions of use More cost for networking or multiple connections

36. User-based: Most common option Complex and based on multiple factors Negotiation

37. Factors Affecting User-based Pricing: Number of Users –Total user population (constituency) –Potential users –Simultaneous users Size or prestige of library or institution Consortia

38. Which Option for Your Library? Pay-as-you-go –Search costs billed back to clients or customers –Specific databases or systems infrequently used –Add-on services User-based –Libraries with an identifiable base of customers –When need a yearly rate

39. Public Libraries - Preferred Pricing Options Option% of Libraries Simultaneous Users56.7% Flat Fee33.3% License Based on Size of Library 10% Per Use8.3% Other18.3%

40. Academic Libraries – Preferred Pricing Options Option% of Libraries Flat Fee 45.6% Simultaneous Users 36.8% License Based on Potential Users 21.2% License Based on Size of Library 10.5% Per Use 8.8% Other 15.5%

41. Useful Licensing Resources: LIBLICENSE-L Mailing List http://www.library.yale.edu/~llicense/mailing- list.shtml Yale University Licensing Digital Information Resources http://www.library.yale.edu/~llicense/index.shtml

42. More Resources: University of Texas System, Office of General Counsel http://www.utsystem.edu/OGC/intellectualproperty/index.h tm Committee on Institutional Cooperation Standardized Language Agreement Language http://www.cic.uiuc.edu/cli/contracts/standardized_agreem ent_language.htm

43. And one more: ARL Licensing Brochure Online http://arl.cni.org/scomm/licensing/licbookle t.html

44. Usage Studies

45. Data From: 14,000 scientists All fields of science University and non-university settings Over 100 organizations (publishers and libraries)

46. Average Number of Scholarly Article Readings Per Year

47. Amount of Reading Engineers ~ 72 per year Physicists ~ 204 per year Chemists ~ 276 per year Physicians ~ 322 per year

48. Time Spent Reading

49. What Scientists Are Reading Approx. 50% of readings contain information that is new to the reader Over 35% of readings are of articles older than one year Older articles are very valuable to scientists’ work

50. Too Many Journals? Growth of journal literature is correlated with the number of scientists 1 article per 10 scientists 70% of all readings are done by non- academicians

51. Amount of Journal Readings Scientists read from an average of 18-26 journals each year Medical faculty read from an average of 13 journals each year Medical faculty read more in each journal (26 articles)

52. Preprints Electronic preprints accounted for 3.6% of total readings (ORNL) 1/3 of ORNL scientists were aware of LANL’s arXiv.org and 1/4 were aware of the DOE PrePrint Network.

53. Eprint Usage 3/4 of those aware of arXiv.org had read 7.9 articles per person in the past year, but only 14% had ever submitted papers to the service. 1/2 of those aware of the DOE PrePrint Network read an average of 6 preprints from the service in the past year

54. Impacts of Electronic Publishing Electronic journals use is increasing Students prefer electronic Differences between work fields Peer review important to many Much e-reading in new titles Non-core readers price sensitive