1. International Parliamentary Conference on Peacebuilding: Tackling State Fragility Marsha Henry Gender Institute, LSE m.g.henry@lse.ac.uk

2. Women in Peacekeeping Missions Women as Peacekeepers Military Police Civilian What are women’s experiences? 1) What is their status in and outside of their own forces?

3. Women in Peacekeeping Missions Value Specialism and training Sex segregation Military ethos? 2) What is their professional remit? Duties Skills

4. Women in Peacekeeping Missions 3) What is their relationship with local men and women? Interaction 4) What country are they from? Contribution to missions Pay Reputation

5. Women in Peacekeeping Missions 5) What impact do they have on the local population Role models Reduction in SEA 6) What are the underlying assumption of introducing female peacekeepers? Sisterhood “Third world’

6. Masculinities Problems with incorporation Women as victims, men as perpetrators Multiple masculinities Explore alternative models at work

7. Gender-Based Violence Rethink violence with a gender base i.e. boy soldiers Spectrum of gender and violence Violence with a sexual base Violence as a result of gender and sexuality Women as perpetrators Situations where GBV not occurring

8. Sexual Exploitation and Abuse Rethink definitions of Exploitation Vulnerability and Agency Men and boys Exploitation without sex

9. Power DPKO recognises the power relationship between peacekeepers and local people Less time focussed on single forms of exploitation— expand Intersection (‘race’) Peacekeeping economies Images of Peacekeepers and Reputation of UN Militarisation? Politics of Development?

10. Recommendations Challenge national governments To recruit more women into their militaries and not just police forces To recruit more ‘gender’ trained personnel Training and Awareness Discussions of sexuality and sexual behaviour Discussions of racism, not ‘culture’ Discussions of economic power Humility Shift focus from image to practice