1. Harappa Civilization

5. Indus River Valley Civilization 6000 BCE – Nomadic herding people. 5000BCE – More rainfall ~ more food ~ bigger population

6. Began domesticating sheep, goats, cows & water buffalo Began planting crops Cotton

7. Terraced Farm Fields

8. The Himalayas

9. Ancient model of an ox cart

10. A modern ox cart that looks very similar to the ancient model

11. 4000 BCE – trading with distant areas (shells & beads) 2600 BCE – More rainfall ~ civilization as big as Mesopotamia & Egypt 2300 BCE – trading with Mesopotamia and Egypt. Mohenjo-Daro & Harappa 2 largest cities – over 40,000 each.

12. Made with standardized, baked bricks (long-lasting) Sewer system underground Heated bathing pools Arithmetic system with decimals Written language (undeciphered as yet)

13. Mohenjo-Daro – part of the city

14. Can you see the relationship between these two images?

15. Earliest public bath – Mohenjo-Daro

16. Private bath with drain to sewer system, Mohenjo-Daro

17. Street in Mohenjo- Daro

18. Public Well in Mohenjo-Daro

19. Working platforms

20. Civilization disappeared between 1800 and 1700 BCE Possibly due to shift in Indus River course Possibly people downriver dammed it causing ruinous flooding upriver Possible decline in rainfall

21. Rainfall increased again in 1500 BCE ~ Groups of pastoral people called Aryans came through Khyber Pass to live on the Indus plains Warriors with chariots Indo-European – their language was related to most European languages

22. Modern Harappa