1. World War Looms
Chapter 24

2. Essential Questions
Why did totalitarian rulers come to power between World War I and World War II?
What do these leaders show us about government and power?
Could leaders like this rise today? Do some already exist?

3. 1930s Europe
Totalitarian governments start as a response to the bad economic times
Totalitarian: a government that has complete control over its citizens (citizens have no civil rights)

4. Joseph Stalin – Soviet Union
He worked to change Russia from a rural country to an industrial world power
In his attempt to eliminate all people who stood in his way, Stalin killed between 8-13 million Russians

5. Benito Mussolini – Italy
Fascist leader in Italy who promised to help Italians avoid economic collapse and communism
Fascism: a form of totalitarian government that stresses nationalism and placing the interest of the nation over the interest of the individual

6. Adolf Hitler – Germany

7. Adolf Hitler - Germany Strong public speaker
Promised to get Germany out of the post WWI depression it had been in
Called himself “Der Fuhrer” (“The Leader”)
Mein Kampf (My Struggle) – The name of his book
Was a member of the Nazi party (German Fascism)

8. Hitler’s 3 Goals of Nazism
1. He wanted to unite all German speaking people in one great German empire
2. He wanted to enforce racial purification
Aryans (blond, blue eyed, Germans) were the “master race”
Jews, Slavs, nonwhites were all considered “Inferior races”
3. He wanted to expand German borders to give Germans more room to live

9. The Great Depression Led to the Rise of Hitler
Hitler promised the German people he would help them out of depression
By 1933, 6 million German men were out of work so Hitler made them into soldiers (called Brown Shirts or Storm Troopers)
German people turned to Hitler as a last hope and he was appointed Chancellor (leader of the German government)
He took apart the old government and replaced it with The Third Reich (The Third German Empire)

10. Militarists – Japan
Totalitarian Military group in Japan who took over the government and went against the League of Nations to take over part of China called Manchuria
When the League of Nations said they could not do that, they just quit the league and did it anyway

11. Francisco Franco – Spain
Franco – led a fascist group in a Spanish Civil War
Abraham Lincoln Battalion: a group of Americans who voluntarily went to Spain to try to stop the Fascist takeover
Franco won and started a new totalitarian government in Spain

12. American Reaction
Isolationism: We did not want to get involved in another European War (Like WWI)
Neutrality Acts: a series of laws that kept America out of the conflict
FDR wanted to get around these acts when Japan attacked China because he believed supporting China would stop Japan from continuing to take over lands

13. Essential Questions
Why did totalitarian rulers come to power between World War I and World War II?
What do these leaders show us about government and power?
Could leaders like this rise today? Do some already exist?

14. War in Europe
24-2

15. Essential Questions
Hitler began to take over part of Europe while the world did little to stop him. Why do you think this was?
What role did the location of these countries play in Hitler’s strategy?
How did Hitler get the support of the people he ruled? Did he have support from all his people?

16. Austria and Czechoslovakia
One of Hitler’s plans was to unite all German lands – this included Austria and Czechoslovakia
March 12, 1938 – German troops take Austria unopposed
Hitler immediately put troops on the Czech border

17. Austria and Czechoslovakia
Neville Chamberlain – British Prime Minister who tried to stop Hitler from waging war on Europe
Munich Agreement: an agreement between Neville Chamberlain and Hitler that said that the Sudetenland would be his last conquest
Appeasement: giving up principles to stop someone from doing any worse

18. Chamberlain and Hitler

19. Hitler Takes Austria

20. Nazi Troops March into Austria

23. Nazi Troops March into Czech.

24. German Offensive Begins
Winston Churchill: Took over for Chamberlain (and was against appeasement)
March 1939: Hitler broke the Munich Agreement and took over the rest of Czechoslovakia
Hitler would make up newspaper articles about how the Czech people wanted to be taken over by Germany.
When he had Czech. he started articles about how the Polish wanted to be taken over.

26. Hitler and the Soviet Union
Hitler and Stalin sign Nonaggression Pact: an agreement that neither will invade the other
Secret Pact: they also secretly agreed to take over Poland and split it between them

27. Invasion of Poland September 1, 1939: Germany invaded Poland
Blitzkrieg: “lighting war”
Germans war strategy of taking an enemy by surprise and quickly destroying all opposition
This was also against the Munich Agreement and it caused Britain and France to declare war on Germany

30. War in Europe
Both sides set up troops along the border of France and Germany
Maginot Line: the French and British Troops
Siegfried Line: German troops
Both sides basically sat on these lines for months not engaging in combat

32. Essential Questions
Hitler began to take over part of Europe while the world did little to stop him. Why do you think this was?
What role did the location of these countries play in Hitler’s strategy?
How did Hitler get the support of the people he ruled? Did he have support from all his people?