1. Modern Africa

2. Timeline 1910 1912 1948 1957 1960 1963 1990 1994 2000’s - present South Africa won self-rule from Great Britain African National Congress (ANC) opposed white domination Apartheid set up in S. Africa Ghana won independence Kwame Nkrumah Sharpeville Massacre – South Africa Kenya gains independence Jomo Kenyatta Organization of African Unity (OAU) Nelson Mandela freed after 27 years in prison Nelson Mandela elected president of S. Africa Rwanda Civil War – Hutus & Tutsis Darfur, Sudan – Civil War

3. Vocabulary

4. Kikuyu African farmers in Kenya

5. Refugee A person who fled his or her own homeland to seek safety somewhere else.

6. Tribalism Loyalty to one’s ethnic tribe, rather than their nation.

7. Genocide An attempt to destroy an entire ethnic or religious group.

8. Mau Mau Radical Kenyan nationalists that used Guerrilla warfare to fight for independence

9. Organization of African Unity OAU –African group to promote cooperation among members and seek peaceful solutions to disputes

10. Desertification Spread of desert areas

11. AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome –Epidemic – 24.5 million people infected

12. Sahel Semi-desert region south of the Sahara Desert

13. Deforestation Rainforests cleared, cut down

14. Apartheid Legal separation of the races

15. Homelands Areas where blacks were forced to live in South Africa – bad soil, ghettos

16. African National Congress ANC –South African group opposed to White Domination – used boycotts, marches, & strikes

17. Janjaweed Arab militiamen backed by the Sudan Government