1. Greece’s Golden Age Only lasted 50 years (480-430 BCE) Known to be honest & fair man, Athens was led by Pericles. He dominated Athens so much that from 461-429 it is known as the Age of Pericles

2. Pericles had 3 goals 1). Strengthen Athenian democracy (make it more accessible to the average man, like holding office) 2). Hold & strengthen the empire (a strong navy and overseas trade to get resources necessary) 3). Glorify Athens (architectural beauties)

3. A type of government introduced during this period was called Direct Democracy – government in which the citizens rule directly and not through representation.

4. The Golden Age also ushered in the art standard, Classical art. Sculptures tried to capture order, balance, and proportion in their subjects (This is Laocoon and his sons being strangled by a serpent)

5. The Dionysius Theater in Athens at base of the Acropolis

8. Theater at Epidauros as it looks today

9. Still active theater, only the seats have been refurbished

10. Some theater vocabulary Tragedy – a serious drama about common themes such as love, hate, war, or betrayal. Had a hero with usually a flaw in character, often excessive pride or hubis Comedy – contained scenes filled with slapstick situations and crude humor (often compared to burlesque). Also similar to American humor in as it was acceptable to make fun of political leaders or ways of life

11. Comedy Tragedy Old man with teeth Old Man with Red Beard

13. The Peloponnesian War

14. In the 1 st war, the Athenians stayed behind their walls as food was delivered at their port, Piraeus

15. The 1 st war (459-446 BCE) concluded with no exchange of land (Athens had to give up what it had conquered) This resulted in a treaty called the 30 years peace, but it didn’t last 30 years!

16. The 2 nd war (431-404 BCE) went back and forth. A number of plagues would hit Athens and would kill up to 1/3 of the population (including Pericles in 429 BCE) Athens, exhausted and broke, with most of their allies quitting them, finally surrendered in 404 Put in charge to rule them were 1 st tyrants and then an oligarchy.

17. The Philosophers Philosophers – means “lovers of wisdom” Some of their beliefs were that the universe is arranged in an orderly way and constant (absolute and unchanging laws), and that people can understand these laws using logic & reason Sophists, led by Protagoras, questioned the existence of traditional Greek Gods, and argued there was no universal standard of truth

18. Socrates Disagreed with Sophists and thought that absolute truths did exist During the rule of tyrants, he was brought to court for corrupting the youth of Athens. He was condemned and drank poison

20. Plato Born into a noble family Student of Socrates His works include concepts on an ideal government. He actually didn’t agree with a democratic government, but in favor of Guardians (wealthy aristocracy that ruled because people were naturally stupid)

21. Aristotle – Student of Plato His father was the court doctor for the King of Macedonia and this is how he came to be known to Philip of Macedon Basically disagreed with Plato on everything. Believed that the world could be understood thru observation Like Buddha he believed one needed to suffer in order to understand

22. Aristotle’s Lyceum in Athens suburb. He was not only a philosopher, but was considered an expert in the areas or mathematics, logic, biology, zoology, politics, and theater.

23. Section 3 Review A form of government that doesn’t use representative s, but the citizens themselves Direct Democracy The War fought between Athens (Delian League) and Sparta & her allies Peloponnesian War Name the 2 art forms discussed relating to Theater Tragedy and Comedy Name the 3 major philosophers in chronological order Socrates Plato Aristotle