1. The Science of Marine Biology
Ch. 1

2. US and World Populaion Clock
Lets check it every 10 minutes

3. Objectives Understand the brief history of marine biology
Review the scientific method
Induction vs. deduction

4. What is biology?
The study of life
Zoology
Botany
Microbiology

5. Marine Biology: the science of biology applied to the sea
What is marine biology?
Marine Biology: the science of biology applied to the sea

6. What is marine science? Biological oceanography:
Study of the biology, geography, and chemistry of the ocean

7. Timeline
Lets look at a student’s timeline from a couple
years ago.

8. What do YOU know about the ocean?
Think about it for a minute and write a few things down. Be prepared to share . . .
What do you want to know?

9. It began with a clam bake?
People started learning about the sea since the first time they saw the ocean
Stone age:
clambakes about 3 million years ago
Polynesians
Around 4000 B.C.
Navigation, fishing, trading
Hawaii, 500 AD
NZ, 1000 AD

10. Where is Polynesia?

11. Phoenicians 2000 B.C. Phoenicians Mediterranean coast
Extensive trade and navy

12. Aristotle: the first marine biologist
Greek philosopher
B.C
Described many forms of sea life
Recognized gills as breathing apparatus of fish

13. Darwin and Forbes HMS Beagle sailed around the world in 1831
Map coastlines; atolls; barnacles; other sea life
Forbes ( )
focused on sea floor
Azoic theory: life limited to depth--no life past 1800 ft.
disproved

14. The Challenger Expedition
First oceanographic expedition to circumnavigate the world
Thousands of specimens
19 years to publish results, 50 volumes thick
Laid the foundation for modern marine science

15. Permanent laboratories
Stazione Zoologica
Naples, Italy, first marine lab in the world
Marine Biological Laboratory
Woods Hole, Massachusetts, 1888 – first marine lab in the U.S.
Scientists now able to work from shore

16. SONAR WW II (late 1930’s) --> submarine warfare --> SONAR SONAR:
SOund NAvigation Ranging
Ship emits loud sounds (pinging) and times how long it takes to return. This determines depth.

17. Sidescan SONAR
Sound energy continuously transmitted from towfish in the shape of a fan that sweeps sea floor
Records picture of ocean bottom

18. SCUBA SCUBA Allow us to observe marine organisms in their environment
Self Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus
Allow us to observe marine organisms in their environment

19. Modern Marine Science Alvin Shinkai 6500 (Japanese) Remote sensing
Brings us to the depths… (4000 m)
Shinkai 6500 (Japanese)
Can work down to 6500 meters!!!
Remote sensing
Using computers and satellites to track SST, currents, organisms, etc.
FLIP (FLoating Instrument Platform)
Wave models for when I surf!

20. Scientific Method: Quick Review
Scientific conclusions MUST be based on observations
What’s a hypothesis?
A statement that might be true
It can be tested
No hypothesis can be absolutely proved true
What is a theory?
A hypothesis that has been accepted as “true” for the time being b/c it has passed test after test with a large body of supporting evidence
It can be overturned by new evidence . . .

21. Observation is the key
As we observe more and more about the ocean we seek to explain our observations
The water is red. Why? What makes it red? How will it affect marine life? How will it affect humans?
Without observation, science would cease to exist

22. Induction vs. Deduction
Separate observations (small/specific)  arrive at general conclusions (big/general)
Scientific method: observe--> hypothesis-->
experiment--> theory
Deduction:
General principals (big/general)  specific conclusions (small/specific)
Begin with theory --> experiments and observations to test theory
Example with gravity

23. Human Population and the Ocean
Pass out human population statistics
What do you notice?
Make a graph
What do you notice about the curve? What’s this called? How will this affect the ocean?

24. Exponential Growth Death rates continuing to decline. Why?
Improvements in nutrition, sanitation, and health care
During 1650 to 1800 pop doubled to 1bil.
By 1930, doubled again to 2 bil.
Doubling to 4 bil took less than 50 years!
What type of curve? Why?
Constant rate of growth.

26. $$
Find a partner
Would you rather receive $1, per day for a month OR start with $0.01 and double your money each day for a month (30 days)
Find the total
$30,000.00
5,905,609,000 cents or $59,056,090.00!!
This is exponential growth

27. Dead Zones due to humans?
NPR interview on dead zones

28. Are we still in the age of discovery and exploration?
What is your opinion?
Assignment is two fold:
Do some research and write a one paragraph answer to this question. Provide at least two sources to support your opinion.
Second paragraph describes your own personal history with the ocean as well as the future. What does the ocean mean to you? How do you relate to it?
Be prepared to share this with the class