2. Utopian Communities Religion Social harmony Equality (Ideas of socialism/communism) The Shakers Equality: men and women

3. The Mormons (1820’s) Joseph Smith – creator Brigham Young – migrated to Utah Limits of religious toleration Oneida (1848) John Humphrey Noyes Dictatorial community Complex marriage

4. Robert Owen (1824) Equal rights for women Education for all Division internally led to demise Owenism led to push for early reforms Temperance 1830’s

6. Institutions of Reform Jails, asylums and orphanages The Common School Free public education Horace Mann (Whig) 1860 – All states in North; Few in South

7. Established Liberia as a colony to send freed slaves Supported by: Clay, Marshall, Webster, and Jackson

8. Opposed colonization Slavery – sin and against Dec. of Independence Immediate abolition Equal Rights William Lloyd Garrison The Liberator (1831) Diffuse union to diffuse connection

10. Frederick Douglass “What, to the Slave, is the Fourth of July?” Uncle Tom’s Cabin – Harriet Beecher Stowe (1852)

11. Interfere with profits Dissolve union Overthrow white supremacy

12. Women active in social reforms Born out of abolitionism “Slavery of Sex” Grimké sisters Universal freedom

13. Seneca Falls Convention (1848) Women’s rights and suffrage Elizabeth Cady Stanton “Declaration of Sentiments”

14. The Abolitionist Schism Split based on fear of radicalism American & Foreign Anti-Slavery system Liberty Party (election of 1840)