1. OGT Benchmark: Analyze the ways that contacts between people of different cultures result in exchanges of cultural practices. Immigration after the Civil War Difficulties Encountered by New Immigrants The Effects of Immigration on Politics Immigration in the Late 20th Century Learning the New Language

2. I. Immigration After the Civil War In years after Civil War, people came pouring into the US looking for new opportunities “Old Immigrants” Prior to Civil War: W and N Europe (England, Ireland, Germany, Scandinavia “New Immigrants” 1880’s: S and E Europe (Italy, Poland, Russia, Grease, Turkey) Early 1900’s: started to come from Asia (Japan, China) and Mexico 1880-1900: 9 million total immigrants 1900-1914: 14 million

3. A. Difficulties Encountered by “New Immigrants” 1.“Old”--spoke English, Protestant religion 2. “New”--did not speak English, Roman Catholic or Jewish religion *They did not fit into American society, so they lived together in urban neighborhoods.

4. U.S. Immigration, 1861-1915

5. B. Problems in Cities  1. Most had been farmers, now lived and worked in cities  2. did not speak English  3. lived together  4. hung on to customs, holidays, etc.

6. C. Backlash Against Immigrants 1. Old immigrants were prejudice against the new immigrants 2. competitors to jobs 3. new immigrants willing to work for less 4. American Protective Association: wanted Congress to restrict immigration 5. Chinese Exclusion Act: Chinese immigration stopped for over 10 years

7. D. The Effect of Immigration on Politics 1. More people in cities = more politicians needed 2. Political machines--organizations that controls an urban political party 3. Politicians used immigrants –a. did favors for votes (fire story) –b. gave jobs for votes –c. immigrants didn’t understand politics--so they would vote for anybody who gave them a job

8. *Today, many new immigrants are still coming in A.1965: Congress passed Immigration and Naturalization Act--increased amount of immigrants allowed to come in B. 1970’s, 80’s, and 90’s: Soviet Union, China, Cuba, Vietnam, Laos, Korea, and Thailand E. Immigration in the Late 20th Century

9. F. Education of Immigration 1. Immigrants in city = overcrowded schools 2. Students did not speak same language as teachers 3. Urban schools have less money 4. A lot of money spent for teachers who speak other languages

10. A. 2000: 47 million speak language other than English –1. 1/2 speak Spanish –2. others: Chinese, Korean, French, German, Italian, Russian, Vietnamese G. Learning the New Language

11. H. Faster Assimilation 1. most immigrants did not become good at speaking English 2. the kids learned--they often taught their parents

12. I. Loan Words 1. words incorporated from one language into another 2. leads to cultural exchange 3. Spanish examples: alligator, bronco, cafeteria, cigar, cigarette, guerrilla, mustang, patio, tornado 4. Native American examples: bayou, chipmunk, hickory, igloo, kayak, moccasin, moose, opossum, pecan, squash, tepee, toboggan, tomahawk

13. 1. OGT Short Answer Why did many immigrants come to the United States in the decades following the Civil War? (2 pts.)

14. 2. OGT Short Answer Why did many immigrants cluster together with other people from their nation of origin in American cities? (2 pts)

15. 3. OGT Short Answer What were some of the most severe problems faced by immigrants when they arrived in the US? (2 pts)

16. 4. OGT Short Answer Why did immigrants often cooperate with urban political machines? (2 pts)

17. 5. OGT Short Answer What is an example of a cultural exchange that resulted from immigration to the US? (2 pts)