1. UNIT II, Lesson 1  一. Gen 跟 as a First Position Verb (N.B. bu 不 precedes gen 跟 to negate whole phrase):  1. 他跟誰說話 ? Who’s he talking to (with)? Ta gen sheir shuo-huah?  2. 我不跟丁一說話。 I don’t speak to Ding I. Woo bu gen Ding I shuo-huah.  3. 我不想跟你們去。 I don’s want to go with you. Woo bu sheang gen nii.men chiuh.  4. 來跟我們喝茶吧。 Come and have some tea with us. Lai gen woo.men he-char.ba.  5. 我今天不能跟你們吃飯。 I can’t eat with you today. Woo jintian bu neng gen nii.men chy-fann.

2. UNIT II, Lesson 1  二. Huoh.jee 或者 : or, A conjunction not demanding choice:  1. 我要紅的或者綠的。 I want a red one or a green one. Woo yaw horng.de huoh.jee liuh.de.  2. 我們買英國的或者美國的，好不好﹖ Woo.men mae Ing.gwo.de huoh.jee Meei.gwo.de, hao.buhao? Let’s buy an English one or an American one, alright?  3. 你想今天或者明天去看他嗎 ? Nii sheang jintian huoh.jee mingtian chiuh kann ta.ma? Do you want to go visit him today or tomorrow?  Contrast with: 你想今天還是明天去看他呢 ? Nii sheang jintian hair.sh mingtian chiuh kann.ta.ne? Do you want to go visit him today or tomorrow?

3. UNIT II, Lesson 1  三. Yaw.sh 要是 : If - Either before or after subject  1. 你要是來，我就不去。 If you come, I won’t go. Nii yaw.sh lai, woo jiow bu chiuh.  2. 要是你那麼忙，我們就不去吧。 Yaw.sh nii nemm.me mang, woo.men jiow bu chiuh.ba. If you are that busy, let’s not go.  3. 要是沒有馬，你還去嗎﹖ Yaw.sh mei.yeou maa, nii hair chiuh.ma? If there aren’t any horses, are you still going (will you still go?)

4. UNIT II, Lesson 1  四. “When” Clauses with.de Shyr.how 的時候 :  A. General: 1. 丁一說話的時候，我不聽。 Ding I shuo-huah.de shyrhowl, woo bu ting. When Ding I speaks, I don ’t listen.  B. Past: 1. 你在美國的時候，我在英國。 Nii tzay Jong.gwo.de shyr.how, woo tzay Ing.gwo. When you were in China, I was in England.  2. 丁一小的時候，你喜歡他嗎﹖ Ding I sheau.de shyr.howl, nii shii.huan.ta.ma? Did you like Ding I when he was little?  C. Future: 1. 丁一來的時候就會跟我們說。 Ding I lai.de shyr.howl jiow huey gen woo.men shuo. Ding I will tell us when he comes.

5. UNIT II, Lesson 1  五. Potential Complements  1. 你聽得懂聽不懂丁一的話 ? Can you understand Ding I? Nii ting.de-doong ting.bu-doong Ding I.de huah?  2. 聽得懂，我聽得懂他的話。 Yes, I can understand him. Ting.de doong. Woo ting.de-doong ta.de huah.  3. 你吃得完嗎﹖ Can you polish them off? Nii chy.de-wan.ma?  4. 你看得見國王的新衣服嗎﹖ Nii kann.de-jiann gwowang de shin i.fwu.ma? Can you see the king’s new clothes?  5. 他出不來，是不是﹖ He can’t get out, is that it? Ta chu.bu-lai, sh.bush?

6. UNIT II, Lesson 1  六. Action in a Place  A. Most common word order: Subject tzay place verb:  1. 你在哪 儿 吃飯 ? Where do you eat? Nii tzay naal chy-fann?  2. 你在賓州有沒有朋友 ? Nii tzay Binjou yeou mei.yeou perngyeou? Do you have friends in Pennsylvania?  B. “Tzay place” may sometimes precede the subject for emphasis:  1. 在宿舍裡我們也說中文。 Tzay suhsheh.lii woo.men yee shuo Jongwen. We speak Chinese in the dorm too. 2. 在中國人人都有龍。 Everybody has a dragon in China. Tzay Jonggwo renren dou yeou long.

7. UNIT II, Lesson 1  七. Completed Action.Le 了 ( negative: Mei.yeou 沒有 or mei 沒 )  1. 你看了沒有﹖ 看了。 我看了 。 沒看。 Nii kann.le meiyeou? Kann.le. Woo kann.le.Mei kann. Did you read it? Yes, I read it. No, I didn’t. Have you read it? Have you looked at it? Yes, I have. No, I haven’t.  2. 你聽懂了老師的話沒有 ? Nii ting-doong le laoshy.de huah meiyeou? Did you understand what the teacher said?  3. 你吃了幾個 ? How many did you eat? Nii chy.le jiig?  4. 你吃了幾個了 ? How many have you devoured by now? Nii chy.le jiig.le?

8. UNIT II, Lesson 1  八. Time Duration: Time Duration Words After the Verb  1. 我在中國住了三年。 I lived in China for three years. Woo tzay Jonggwo juh.le san nian.  2. 我等了三天。 I waited for three days. Woo deeng.le san tian.  N.B. New or Current Situation. Le 了 reveals time spent up to now, i.e. so far:  3. 我等了三天了。 I’ve been waiting for three days! Woo deeng.le san tian.le!  N.B. The quantified time word cannot follow an object (other than a personal pronoun):  4. 我學了三年日文。 I studied Japanese for three years. Woo shyue.le san nian Ryhwen.  5. 我學日文學了三年了。 I’ve been studying Japanese for three years. Woo shyue Ryhwen shyue.le san nian.le.

9. UNIT II, Lesson 1  九. Relative Clauses, or Modifying Clauses, with.De 的 :  1. 杰克蓋的房子在哪 儿 ? Where is the house that Jack built? Jyekeh gay.de farngtz tzay naal?  2. 我不喜歡不喜歡龍的人。 I don’t like people who don’t Woo bu shii.huan bu shii.huan long.de ren. like dragons.  3. 只有一枝筷子的人是誰﹖ Who’s that guy with one chopstick? Jyy yeou i-jy kuaytz.de neyg ren sh sheir?  4. 你在中國買的馬叫甚麼名字 ? Nii tzay Jonggwo mae.de maa jiaw sherm.me mingtz? What do you call the horse you bought in China? (What is the horse you bought in China called?)

10. UNIT II, Lesson 1  十. A. Indirect Statement  1. 我想丁一想到臺灣去。 I think Ding I wants to go to Taiwan. Woo sheang Ding I sheang daw Tair ’u an chiuh.  2. 我知道你不喜歡他。 I know you don’t like him. Woo jy.daw nii bushii.huan.ta.  3. 我覺得紅的也很好看。 Woo jyue.de horng.de yee heen haokann. I think that red ones are good-looking too.  4. 他說丁一很有錢。 He says that Ding I is rich. Ta shuo Ding I heen yeou chyan.  5. 他說他知道你知道他覺得你不好。 Ta shuo ta jy.daw nii jy.daw ta jyue.de nii bu hao. He said he knew you knew he thought you were no good.

11. UNIT II, Lesson 1  十. B. Indirect question (Same order as direct question)  1. 我知道你是誰。 I know who you are. Woo jy.daw nii sh sheir.  2. 我不知道他有沒有馬。 Woo bujydaw ta yeou meiyeou maa. I don’t know whether or not he has horses.  3. 我不知道他想不想去。 Woo bujydaw ta sheang busheang chiuh. I don’t know if he’d like to go or not.  4. 他沒說他買了沒有。 Nii mei shuo ta mae.le meiyeou. He didn’t say whether or not he bought it.

12. UNIT II, Lesson 1  十. C. Assorted Combinations of Direct and Indirect Statements and Quesitons.  1. 你知道她是誰嗎 ? Do you know who she is? Nii jy.daw ta sh sheir.ma?  2. 你想那隻狗咬不咬人 ? Do you think if that dog bites? Nii sheang ney jy goou yao buyao ren?  3. 我知道他不知道你是誰。 Woo jy.daw ta bujydaw nii sh sheir. I know he doesn’t know who you are.  4. 我不知道他會不會說他是誰。 Woo bu jy.daw ta huey.buhuey shuo ta sh sheir. (--ta sh Mau Tzerdong.) I don’t know if he’ll say who he is. (--that he is Mau Tzerdong.)