1. Imperialism: Japan/China by Dean Sarigumba, Matthew Kiely, Sachit Sunil, and Sagar Rawal Deannex TechBoy Add/edit slides as you please, just make sure they're in order

2. China: Spheres of Influence ● An area in which another nation has power of the native country SR

3. China: How are Spheres Formed? ● Previous wars in China by the British and French weakened China’s power ● China attempts to ban the sale of Opium, but Britain refuses and fights China & wins securing ports for trade ● China by late 1880’s is viewed as weak SR

4. China: Prelude to Spheres ● China attempts to control Korea, in the Sino-Japanese war with Japan ● Korea is a good natural harbor for trade ● Assertion of Chinese power to West ● China loses war ● China forced by stronger countries to open ports SR

5. China: The Struggle is Real ● Because of China’s failed wars ○ Forced to open ports in the treaties of wars lost ○ Loses over 50 of its sea-ports ■ Countries include ● Russia ● Japan ● Germany ● Great Britain ○ European countries divide China into “Spheres of Influence” ■ The foreign countries basically run those areas SR

6. Preface to the Open Door Policy ● China loses Sino-Japanese War ● America wins Spanish-American War ● America interested in China MK

7. Creation of the Open Door Policy ● Written in 1899 by William W. Rockhill ● Provided: Free access to ports Only Chinese government could collect taxes on trades No one gets exemptions from paying dues/charges MK

8. Acceptance of Open Door Policy ● Sent to Great Britain, Russia, Germany, Italy, France, and Japan by Secretary of State John Hay ● All powers attempted to avoid it, but it was eventually “accepted” in 1900 MK

9. Events Effecting Open Door Policy ● Boxer Rebellion ○ Second set of notes ● Russo-Japanese War ○ Land Takeover MK

10. Boxer Rebellion - Where and What it is ● Officially supported peasant uprising of 1900 that attempted to drive all foreigners from China ● “Boxers” was the term foreigners gave to the Chinese Group Yihequan (Righteous and Harmonious Fists) ● Group practiced certain boxing and rituals that made others believe they were invulnerable SS

11. Boxer Rebellion - How and Why ● Offshoot of the Eight Trigrams Society (Baguajiao) ● They had many rebellions against the Qing Dynasty ● The Boxers aim was to rid of the Qing Dynasty and the Westerners ● Boxers first increased their power in Northern China due to economic impoverishment, aggression, and more SS

12. Boxer Rebellion - Joining Hands ● They stopped going against the Dynasty and joined hands to defeat the foreigners ● Christian Converts provoked them; by late 1899 Boxers were openly attacking the Chinese Christians and Western Missionaries ● In Beijing the Boxers burned churches and killed Christians on sight ● By 1900 they were more than a 100,000 strong and were led by Tzu’u Hzi SS

13. Boxer Rebellion - Freedom ● The German minister was murdered and many foreigners were held hostage in the Roman Catholic Cathedral in Beijing ● On August 14, 1900, an international force came to Beijing and freed all the foreigners being held hostage ● The Dynasty had fallen and the Boxer Rebellion had failed ● Foreign troops were permanently placed and China was forced to pay $333 Million as a penalty for the Rebellion SS

14. Japanese Imperialism (1894-1910) Reasons for Expansion: ● Respect from Western countries ● Military security ● Resources for industrialization ● Overpopulation on mainland ● Markets DS Countries expanded into (reasons): ● Korea (raw materials, farmland, security) ● China (raw materials, market, farmland) ● Hokkaido (farmland, lumber) ● Okinawa (resources, security)

15. Events Leading to the Russo-Japanese War ● Sino-Japanese War ○Forced Japan to relinquish the Liaotung Peninsula DS ● Russia gains Port Arthur (at the tip of the Peninsula) ● Russia allies with China against Japan ○Builds the Trans-Siberian Railroad Manchuria-Vladivostok ● Russia withdraws its troops from Manchuria (NE China) in 1903

16. Russo-Japanese War: Initiation ● (Feb. 8th, 1904) Japan attacks Port Arthur DS ● (March - May) Japanese forces land in Korea/Liaotung Peninsula ● (June 14th and August 25th) Russia loses battles at Fu-hsien and Liao-yung respectively ○Cause Russian forces to retreat north to Mukden

17. Russo-Japanese War: Falling Action ● (Jan. 2nd, 1905) Port Arthur is besieged, Russian commander surrenders the fort DS ● (Feb. - Mar., 1905) Russian troops in Mukden are defeated ● (May 27th - 28th, 1905) Russian Baltic Fleet is defeated in the Tsushima Strait on it’s way to the Peninsula ● (Aug. 9th - Sept. 5th, 1905) Peace conference held ○Mediated by Pres. Theodore Roosevelt, held at Portsmouth, NH, U.S. ○Japan gains Peninsula, Port Arthur, South Manchurian Railroad, half of Sakhalin Island ○Russia evacuates Manchuria, restored to China ○Japan’s control over Korea is recognized

18. Imperialism At its Finest China + Japan Dean Sarigumba Matt Kiely Sachit Sunil Sagar Rawal