1. The Decline of the Qing Dynasty 19th century
Chapter 22.1

2. The Decline of the Qing Dynasty
Causes of Decline
Internal
External
Land used to grow opium
British Opium Trade
Peasant Unrest, corruption
high population,
Food Shortages
The Opium Wars
Tai Ping Rebellion
Growing Influence of Imperialists
Opposition of conservatives to One Hundred Days of Rebellion
War with Japan
Boxer Rebellion

3. Guangzhou British trading port

4. The Opium Trade British had trading outlet at Guangzhou
British had a lopsided trade with China – imported more than exported
To offset the imbalance of trade, Great Britain started to trade a highly addictive
drug – Opium.
The Chinese government
asked England to quit based
on morale issues –
but Britain refused
The Opium Trade

5. Silver was flowing out of China into England’s hands with the trade of Opium
China blockaded the foreign ports
The British responded with force starting the Opium War ( )
British warships destroyed Chinese coastal and river forts
The Qing Dynasty surrenders
The Opium War

6. Treaty of Nanjing Treaty of Nanjing in 1842
Chinese agreed to open five coastal ports to British trade
Limit taxes on imported British goods
Pay for costs of the war
China gives the British the island of Hong Kong
Extraterritoriality – in the five ports given over to Great Britain, Europeans were subject to their own laws and not the laws of China.
Treaty of Nanjing

7. Hong Kong

8. An area where foreign governments have exclusive trading rights and use of ports but do not have administrative control. By the end of the 19th century, large parts of China were claimed as spheres of influence by European countries, Russia, and Japan. Notably the United States did not claim a sphere of influence in China.
See map on page 687
Sphere of Influence

10. 1850 – 1864 The economic problems within China leads to a Peasant revolt Hong Xiuquan leads the revolt Hong believes God gave him the mission to destroy Qing dynasty Hong captures town Yongan and proclaims a new dynasty
The Tai Ping Rebellion

11. Tai Ping Reforms Tai Ping rebellion called for social reforms
Giving land to peasants
Treating women as equals to men
Called for people to give up private possessions
Common ownership of land introduced
money, food, clothing shared
Alcohol and tobacco outlawed
Practice of binding women’s feet outlawed
Tai Ping Reforms

12. Tai Ping Revolt March 1853 – rebels seize Nanjing
Massacres 25,000 men, women and children
Revolt lasts for 10 years
Over 20 million people die
Europeans come to aid of Qing Dynasty
1864 – Chinese forces, with European aid, recapture Nanjing
Tai Ping Revolt

13. China could not deal with Tai Ping internal revolt because they were also dealing with outside forces
Treaty of Tianjin – 1858
Chinese agree to legalize Opium trade
Agree to open new ports to foreign trade
Surrender the Kowloon Peninsula to Great Britain
China resist parts of treaty
British seize Beijing in 1860
Second Opium War

14. 2nd Opium War Treaty Signing

15. 1870 – China depends on regional warlords to help them restore order
Warlords collect tax money from locals for their own use
Self-strengthening – China should adopt Western technology while keeping its Confucian values and institutions.
Factories were built to produce modern weapons
Ships built to increase military strength
Qing Dynasty Declines

16. Chinese government keeps traditional imperial bureaucracy
Government tries to modernize China’s military and build up industry
Railroads, weapons, factories, shipyards were built while keeping Chinese value system the same

17. Imperialism in China 1880s and 1890s
Internal conditions continued to deteriorate in China
Russia pressures China to give up territories in Siberia
Russia and Great Britain struggle for Tibet
European states created spheres of Influence areas (exclusive trading rights)
Imperialism in China

18. Foreign Influence, War with Japan
Warlords trade directly with foreign nations as well as give exclusive railroad and mining privileges
Britain, France, Germany, Russia and Japan all establish spheres of influence
1894: China goes to war with Japan over inroads into Korea.
Chinese defeated
Japan demands island of Taiwan and Liaodong Peninsula
Foreign powers force Japan to give the Peninsula back to China
Foreign Influence, War with Japan

19. Internal Crisis She imprisons the Emperor and ended his reform efforts
Emperor Guang Xu (GWANG SHYOO)
launches massive reforms
“One Hundred Days of Reform”
Empire issues edicts calling for major political, administrative and educational reforms
Models Western models
Many leaders opposed the reforms
Empress Dowager Ci Xi (TSUH-SEE) opposes reforms
She imprisons the Emperor and ended his reform efforts
Internal Crisis

20. United States Gets Involved
John Hay, secretary of state of U.S. presents a proposal that ensures equal access to the Chinese market for all nations and preserves the unity of the Chinese Empire
This was called the Open Door Policy
Open Door Policy helped to reduce restrictions on foreign imports imposed by the dominating powers within each sphere of influence.
United States Gets Involved

21. Imperialism in China?

23. Boxer – name given to members of a secret organization – Society of Harmonious Fists
Boxers upset by foreign influence
“Destroy the Foreigner” motto
Disliked Christian missionaries, Chinese converts – roamed countryside killing them (1900)
Boxers take over Beijing while foreigners flee to compound
The Boxer Rebellion

24. Two months later, an allied army consisting of 20,000 British, French, German, Russian, American and Japanese troops seize Beijing.
Restores order and demands more concessions from Chinese government.
Chinese government has to pay indemnity for damages
The Boxer Rebellion

25. The Boxer Rebellion