1. The Tudor Dynasty 1485-1603

2. The Beginning Henry VII (r. 1485-1509) Used diplomacy, avoided war, & strengthened England’s interest abroad Henry VIII (r. 1509-1547) Made England a great naval power Married 6 times Broke with Catholic Church & started the Church of England Seized monastery lands & sold to wealthy landowners House of Commons increased its power during this reign

3. Edward VI (r. 1547-1553) Only 9 years old when he became king Was advised by Protestant leaders Thomas Cranmer, Archbishop of Canterbury England was in a time of turmoil Edward died at the age of 15

4. Mary I (r. 1553-1558) (Bloody Mary) Married Philip II of Spain in 1554 Met strong opposition in England Restored Catholicism in 1555 Had about 300 Protestants burned at the stake for heresy Involved England in a war with France England lost the port of Calais Mary died childless & the throne went to her sister

5. Elizabeth I (r. 1558-1603) Became queen at the age of 25 Used her authority for the common good of her people Earned the loyalty and confidence of her subjects Her reign was one of England’s great cultural periods. She strongly supported the arts, e.g. the theater and Shakespeare The English language was transformed into one of beauty, grace, vigor, and clarity

6. The Marriage Question It was expected that Elizabeth would marry & her husband would rule. Women were not considered able to be good monarchs She felt marrying a foreign prince would endanger England Marrying an English nobleman would cause jealousies among the others In the end she refused to marry & therefore would produce no heir

7. Think (Write), Pair, Share Why would Elizabeth think that marrying a foreign prince would put England at risk?

8. Elizabeth I and Parliament Was assisted by a council of nobles They handled much of the administrative duties They were assisted by professional, poorly paid bureaucrats Parliament did not have the power to initiate legislation Could plead, urge, advise, and withhold approval Law enforcement was by justices of the peace & were volunteer positions Maintained peace, collected taxes, & kept government informed of local conditions.

9. Social Policy Social rank Queen and her court Prominent nobles from landed families Gentry Lesser nobles, merchants, lawyers, & clergy Yeomen Farmers with small land holdings & laborers

10. Economic Policy Statute of Apprentices (1563) Declared work as a social & moral duty Required people to live & work where they were born Controlled the movement of labor, fixed wages, & regulated apprenticeships The Poor Laws of 1597 & 1601 Local areas responsible for their own homeless & unemployed Ability to raise money for charity & provide work for “vagabonds”

11. Foreign Policy England had no continental lands when Elizabeth began her reign Developed a strong navy Relied on diplomacy Operated as the third balancing power This helped prevent one country from dominating others Elizabeth sought to solidify English ties with Scotland and Ireland

12. Think (Write), Pair, Share What foreign policy strategy did England develop under Elizabeth I reign?

13. Elizabeth I & Mary, Queen of Scots 1560s Scotland became Protestant & an ally of England Mary (Stuart), Queen of Scots forced to abdicate the throne in 1567 Mary was Catholic & in line to the English throne Was accused of plotting with Catholics against Elizabeth 1587 was executed Elizabeth died at the age of 69 in 1603 James I (son of Mary, Queen of Scots) became king & founder of the Stuart dynasty