1. Aim: How was Europe divided during the period of feudalism?
Do Now: Review quiz - Chapter 8, sections 1,2
HW: Read Chapter 8, section 3 Extra credit do guided reading or focus questions

2. Work in Pairs
Map work, Peoples of Europe,

3. Summary
How was European society affected by the creation of many feudal states?

4. Aim: How did feudalism represent a response to changing social conditions?   Do Now – Feudal Relationships – Do 1-3 on lined paper  
Underline and put notes in margins
HW: Chapter 8, section 2

5. Vocabulary
Feudalism – pledge of service in exchange for land – decentralized system based on personal loyalty or bonds
Fief – feudal grant, usually of land
Vassalage – ties of allegiance
Subinfeudation – vassals grant lands to their subordinates (their vassals)
Benefice – grant of land/fixed term for service
Homage – oath of vassalage

6. Feudalism and the Manorial System

7. Feudalism 900s - most Europeans were governed
by small, independent leaders in a system
called feudalism

8. Feudalism Lords granted land to lesser nobles (vassals)
in return for loyalty, military assistance, and
other services

9. Feudalism The grant of land was called a fief – vassals
did not own the land but used it to maintain
themselves and their household

10. A vassal giving homage to his lord
Feudalism
A vassal could divide the land and grant it to
others, thus also becoming a lord
A vassal giving homage to his lord

11. Charlemagne’s family tree
Feudalism
Fiefs became hereditary, passed from
father to eldest son under a system called
primogeniture
Charlemagne’s family tree

12. Feudalism Women only had limited property rights but
retained control of her dowry if her husband
died

13. Feudalism Local wars between feudal lords were
common; large-scale wars were extremely
destructive

14. Feudalism Knights wore chain mail or metal plate armor
and were armed with a sword, shield, and
lance

15. Feudalism Wars offered opportunities for glory and wealth
for nobles, but caused great suffering and
hardship

16. Medieval Monk, Bishop and Priest
Feudalism
The church tried to limit suffering by issuing
decrees that prohibited certain acts of
violence
Medieval Monk, Bishop and Priest

17. Feudalism Feudal justice was decided by trial by battle,
oath-taking, or trial by ordeal
Trial by the ordeal of fire, where the suspect had to carry a bar of red-hot iron in his hands while he walked nine marked paces. In the unlikely event of no burns appearing on his hand, he was judged innocent.

18. II. The Manorial System Manors were self-sufficient farming estates
shared by lords and peasants (serfs) –
manorialism shaped the economic structure

19. A. Function Western Europe was much more rural than Eastern Europe
Manorialism was the economic foundation of feudal society
The “open field” system of medieval farming
Origin and status of serfdom
By 800 AD, nearly 60% of western Europe was enserfed

20. Serfs paying annual taxes to their lord in cash and with livestock
II. The Manorial System
Serfs farmed the land and gave crops,
services, loyalty, and taxes to the lord
Serfs paying annual taxes to their lord in cash and with livestock

21. II. The Manorial System The life span of a serf was short due to
disease, starvation, and war; upper class lives
were not luxurious
Humans by Era
Neanderthal 20
Upper Paleolithic 33
Neolithic
Bronze Age 18
Classical Greece 28
Classical Rome
Medieval Britain
End of 19th Century Western Europe 37
Current world average
66.12

22. B. Life in a Medieval Village
Living conditions of the serfs
Striking lack of privacy for family members
Variety of dietary options for peasants
The central role of bread in the peasant diet—80% of caloric content

23. B. Life in a Medieval Village (cont)
Center of manorial life was the village church
Village church services
Life was short and frightening for village peasants
Village life was strictly hierarchical
Village life was also very communal
Village life was always very local

24. II. The Manorial System Marriage was viewed as a means to advance
one’s fortune or the way a man might
acquire land

25. II. The Manorial System By the late 1100s chivalry had begun to bring
major changes to feudal society

26. II. The Manorial System Chivalry was a code of conduct that dictated
the knight’s behavior toward others

27. II. The Manorial System Knights were expected to be courageous, fair,
loyal, honest, gallant, and courteous to women