1. Security in Computing Security in Networks

2. I.Threats in networks A. Vulnerabilities 1.Anonymity 2.Shared resources 3.Size (many points of attack) 4.Complexity 5.Unknown perimeter 6.Unknown path

3. I.Threats in networks B. Attackers 1.for the challenge 2.for money, reward, espionage; organised crime because of reward 3.for ideology

4. I.Threats in networks C. Steps in an attack 1.reconnaissance a)port scan b)social engineering 2.attacking the network itself: eavesdropping and active wiretapping 3.attacking the infrastructure: protocol attacks

5. I.Threats in networks 4.attacking an endpoint a)defeating authentication 1)guessing (spoofing); masquerade, phishing, hijacking; man-in-the middle attack b)defeating confidentiality 1)delivery problems c)defeating integrity 1)message forgery 2)noise

6. I.Threats in networks d)website attacks 1)defacement 2)buffer overflow on a host of server 3)compromising applications on a host server, e.g.: http:// www.CDs-r-us.com/buy.asp?i 1 =459012&p 1 =1599 http:// www.CDs-r-us.com/buy.asp?i 1 =459012&p 1 =1599 &i2=365217&p2=1499

7. I.Threats in networks e)denial of service 1)flooding 2)distributed denial of service

8. I.Threats in networks f)hostile code 1)active code (or mobile code) 2)bots (or robots) – similar to Distributed denial of Service 3)script kiddies – people who download and run attack scripts – simple scripts for many of the popular attacks

9. II.Network controls A.Architecture 1)segmented (idea similar to OS) – one server to handle Http, another for application code, another to handle DB request 2)redundant – function to run on more than one node 3)protected against single points of failure – fault tolerance 4)segment controlled by firewall

10. II.Network controls A.Encryption 1.link – encryption at layer 1 and 2 of the OSI model 2.end-to-end – security from one end of transmission to the other 3.“virtual” private network – a sense of a “private” although part of public network 4.IPSEc (IP Layer) - similar to SSL

11. II.Network controls C.Content integrity check (detect, not prevent) 1.error codes, checksums, cryptographic checksums D.Authentication E.Wireless security protocols 1.WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy) 2.WPA - WPA2 extends WPA (WiFi Protected Access) – alternative to WEP

12. III.Other A.Firewalls B.Intrusion detection systems C.Secure email