2. AUSTRALIAN ARMY CADETS CADET ADVANCED RADIO OPERATORS COURSE

3. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 Topic 9

4. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 PROCEDURES FOR BAD WORKING CONDITIONS

5. FREE NET Under normal conditions once a net has been established it is FREE…

6. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 FREE NET Under normal conditions once a net has been established it is FREE… …and NCS will not usually intervene in communications between substations.

7. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 DIRECTED NET  When conditions are difficult and/or flow of radio traffic is heavy….

8. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 DIRECTED NET  When conditions are difficult and/or flow of radio traffic is heavy…. DIRECTED  NCS may order net to be DIRECTED.

9. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 DIRECTED NET  When conditions are difficult and/or flow of radio traffic is heavy…. DIRECTED  NCS may order net to be DIRECTED.  After this, ALL messages between substations MUST be offered.

10. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 DIRECTED NET  When conditions are difficult and/or flow of radio traffic is heavy…. DIRECTED  NCS may order net to be DIRECTED.  After this, ALL messages between substations MUST be offered.  NCS is the first to answer these offers.

11. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 DIRECTED NET  When conditions are difficult and/or flow of radio traffic is heavy…. DIRECTED  NCS may order net to be DIRECTED.  After this, ALL messages between substations MUST be offered.  NCS is the first to answer these offers.  In directed net, NCS regulates all traffic on net.

12. CHANGING STATE OF NET BETWEEN FREE AND DIRECTED NCS USES PROWORDS:

13. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 CHANGING STATE OF NET BETWEEN FREE AND DIRECTED NCS USES PROWORDS: THIS IS A DIRECTED NET

14. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 CHANGING STATE OF NET BETWEEN FREE AND DIRECTED OR THIS IS A FREE NET

15. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 REPLIES BY NCS WHEN NET IS DIRECTED

16. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 REPLIES BY NCS WHEN NET IS DIRECTED SEND YOUR [MESSAGE, SITREP, ETC) – OUTSEND YOUR [MESSAGE, SITREP, ETC) – OUT permission for this message to be sent

17. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 REPLIES BY NCS WHEN NET IS DIRECTED SEND YOUR [MESSAGE, SITREP, ETC) – OUT permission for this message to be sent WAIT OUTWAIT OUT substation must wait until given permission by NCS to transmit

18. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 REPLIES BY NCS WHEN NET IS DIRECTED SEND YOUR [MESSAGE, SITREP, ETC) – OUT i.e. permission for this message to be sent WAIT OUT i.e. substation must wait until given permission by NCS to transmit THROUGH METHROUGH ME NCS assumes responsibility for relaying message

19. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 REPLIES BY NCS WHEN NET IS DIRECTED SEND YOUR [MESSAGE, SITREP, ETC) – OUT i.e. permission for this message to be sent WAIT OUT i.e. substation must wait until given permission by NCS to transmit THROUGH ME i.e. NCS assumes responsibility for relaying message RELAY THROUGH….. – OUTRELAY THROUGH….. – OUT NCS directs originating substation to relay through another station

20. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 EXAMPLES OF DIRECTED NET PROCEDURE

21. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 EXAMPLE – SEND YOUR….. – OUT

22. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 13 11 14 12 Directed net comprising NCS (0A), 11, 12, 13, 14 EXAMPLE – SEND YOUR….. – OUT 0A

23. 13 0A 11 14 12 Senders in this example are 11 and 0A EXAMPLE – SEND YOUR….. – OUT

24. 13 0A 11 14 12 …but 11 is trying to send a message to 13 EXAMPLE – SEND YOUR….. – OUT

25. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 EXAMPLE – SEND YOUR….. – OUT DIRECTED NET All stations can hear each other

26. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 EXAMPLE – SEND YOUR….. – OUT DIRECTED NET All stations can hear each other Substation 11 offers message (through NCS) for 13: “13 - THIS IS 11 - (MESSAGE) - OVER”

27. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 EXAMPLE – SEND YOUR….. – OUT DIRECTED NET All stations can hear each other Substation 11 offers message (through NCS) for 13: “13 - THIS IS 11 - (MESSAGE) - OVER” NCS directs that message be sent: “(11) - THIS IS 0A - SEND YOUR MESSAGE - OVER”

28. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 EXAMPLE – SEND YOUR….. – OUT DIRECTED NET All stations can hear each other Substation 11 offers message (through NCS) for 13: “13 - THIS IS 11 - (MESSAGE) - OVER” NCS directs that message be sent: “(11) - THIS IS 0A - SEND YOUR MESSAGE - OVER” 11 now sends message: “(13) - (THIS IS) 11 - Have reached checkpoint BIG APPLE - OVER [or OUT]”

29. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 EXAMPLE – SEND YOUR….. – OUT DIRECTED NET All stations can hear each other Substation 11 offers message (through NCS) for 13: “13 - THIS IS 11 - (MESSAGE) - OVER” NCS directs that message be sent: “(11) - THIS IS 0A - SEND YOUR MESSAGE - OVER” 11 now sends message: “(13) - (THIS IS) 11 - Have reached checkpoint BIG APPLE - OVER [or OUT]” At this stage 13 would reply to 11.

30. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 Example – WAIT OUT

31. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 Example – WAIT OUT Directed net comprising NCS (0A), 11, 12 0A 12 11

32. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 Example – WAIT OUT Senders in this example are 11, 0A, 12 0A 12 11

33. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 EXAMPLE – WAIT OUT DIRECTED NET 11 wishes to send message to 12, and calls: “12 - THIS IS 11 - (MESSAGE) - OVER”

34. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 EXAMPLE – WAIT OUT DIRECTED NET 11 wishes to send message to 12, and calls: “12 - THIS IS 11 - (MESSAGE) - OVER” The call is addressed by 11 to 12, but NCS must respond first.

35. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 EXAMPLE – WAIT OUT DIRECTED NET 11 wishes to send message to 12, and calls: “12 - THIS IS 11 - (MESSAGE) - OVER” The call is addressed by 11 to 12, but NCS must respond first. As there is more urgent traffic to be passed, the NCS decides that 11 will have to wait.

36. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 EXAMPLE – WAIT OUT DIRECTED NET 11 wishes to send message to 12, and calls: “12 - THIS IS 11 - (MESSAGE) - OVER” The call is addressed by 11 to 12, but NCS must respond first. As there is more urgent traffic to be passed, the NCS decides that 11 will have to wait. NCS transmits: WAIT OUT “(11) - (THIS IS) - 0A - WAIT OUT”

37. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 EXAMPLE – WAIT OUT DIRECTED NET When the more urgent traffic has been sent, the NCS directs 11 to send its message.

38. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 EXAMPLE – WAIT OUT DIRECTED NET When the more urgent traffic has been sent, the NCS directs 11 to send its message. NCS transmits: SEND YOUR MESSAGE - OUT “11 - THIS IS 0A - SEND YOUR MESSAGE - OUT”

39. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 EXAMPLE – WAIT OUT DIRECTED NET When the more urgent traffic has been sent, the NCS directs 11 to send its message. NCS transmits: “11 - THIS IS 0A - SEND YOUR MESSAGE - OUT” 11 sends the message: “12 - THIS IS 11 - (MESSAGE) - OVER”

40. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 EXAMPLE – WAIT OUT DIRECTED NET When the more urgent traffic has been sent, the NCS directs 11 to send its message. NCS transmits: “11 - THIS IS 0A - SEND YOUR MESSAGE - OUT” 11 sends the message: “12 - THIS IS 11 - (MESSAGE) - OVER” 12 replies: “(11) - (THIS IS) 12 - (SEND) – OVER” …..etc

41. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 TYPES OF CALLS THROUGH ME Directed net comprising NCS (0A), 11, 12, 13, 14 13 0A 11 14 12

42. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 TYPES OF CALLS THROUGH ME 13 11 14 12 Senders Senders in this example are: 11, 13 and NCS (0A) 0A

43. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 TYPES OF CALLS THROUGH ME All stations can hear each other, but 11 and 13 are having difficulty hearing each other.

44. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 EXAMPLE - THROUGH ME 11 initiates the call: “13 – THIS IS 11 – (MESSAGE) – OVER”

45. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 EXAMPLE - THROUGH ME 11 initiates the call: “13 – THIS IS 11 – (MESSAGE) – OVER” The NCS is aware that 11 and 13 are having difficulty hearing each other and decides to pass on the message through him/herself:

46. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 EXAMPLE - THROUGH ME 11 initiates the call: “13 – THIS IS 11 – (MESSAGE) – OVER” The NCS is aware that 11 and 13 are having difficulty hearing each other and decides to pass on the message through him/herself: NCS answers: THROUGH ME “(11) – THIS IS 0A – THROUGH ME – OVER”

47. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 EXAMPLE - THROUGH ME 11 initiates the call: “13 – THIS IS 11 – (MESSAGE) – OVER” The NCS is aware that 11 and 13 are having difficulty hearing each other and decides to pass on the message through him/herself: NCS answers: “(11) – THIS IS 0A – THROUGH ME – OVER” 11 now gives the message to NCS for 13. “(13) – (THIS IS) 11 – Have reached checkpoint BIG APPLE – OVER”

48. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 EXAMPLE - THROUGH ME NCS concludes communication with 11 and takes responsibility for getting message through:

49. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 EXAMPLE - THROUGH ME NCS concludes communication with 11 and takes responsibility for getting message through: NCS transmits: OUT TO YOU “(11) – (THIS IS) 0A – ROGER – OUT TO YOU – 13 – THIS IS 0A – Did you receive the message from 11 – OVER”

50. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 EXAMPLE - THROUGH ME NCS concludes communication with 11 and takes responsibility for getting message through. NCS transmits: “(11) – (THIS IS) 0A – ROGER – OUT TO YOU – 13 – THIS IS 0A – Did you receive the message from 11 – OVER” 13 replies: NO “(0A) – (THIS IS) – 13 – NO – OVER”

51. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 EXAMPLE - THROUGH ME NCS concludes communication with 11 and takes responsibility for getting message through. NCS transmits: “(11) – (THIS IS) 0A – ROGER – OUT TO YOU – 13 – THIS IS 0A – Did you receive the message from 11 – OVER” 13 replies: “(0A) – (THIS IS) – 13 – NO – OVER” NCS then passes on the message to 13: “(13) – (THIS IS) 0A – FROM 11 – Have reached checkpoint BIG APPLE –OVER”

52. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 EXAMPLE - THROUGH ME NCS concludes communication with 11 and takes responsibility for getting message through. NCS transmits: “(11) – (THIS IS) 0A – ROGER – OUT TO YOU – 13 – THIS IS 0A – Did you receive the message from 11 – OVER” 13 replies: “(0A) – (THIS IS) – 13 – NO – OVER” NCS then passes on the message to 13: “(13) – (THIS IS) 0A – FROM 11 – Have reached checkpoint BIG APPLE –OVER” 13 gives receipt: “(0A) – (THIS IS) 13 – (ROGER) – OUT”

53. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 EXAMPLE - THROUGH ME NCS concludes communication with 11 and takes responsibility for getting message through. NCS transmits: “(11) – (THIS IS) 0A – ROGER – OUT TO YOU – 13 – THIS IS 0A – Did you receive the message from 11 – OVER” 13 replies: “(0A) – (THIS IS) – 13 – NO – OVER” NCS then passes on the message to 13: “(13) – (THIS IS) 0A – FROM 11 – Have reached checkpoint BIG APPLE –OVER” 13 gives receipt: “(0A) – (THIS IS) 13 – (ROGER) – OUT” 0A ends: “(13) – (THIS IS) 0A – OUT”

54. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 EXAMPLE – RELAY THROUGH

55. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 EXAMPLE – RELAY THROUGH Net comprises NCS (0A), 11, 12, 13 13 11 12 0A DIRECTED NET

56. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 EXAMPLE – RELAY THROUGH At first all stations can hear each other, but in 13 11 12 0A DIRECTED NET this example it is found that 11 and 12 cannot hear each other

57. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 RELAY THROUGH DIRECTED NET 11 calls: “12 – THIS IS 11 – (MESSAGE) – OVER”

58. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 RELAY THROUGH DIRECTED NET 11 calls: “12 – THIS IS 11 – (MESSAGE) – OVER” As it is a DIRECTED NET, NCS answers: SEND YOUR MESSAGE “(11) – THIS IS 0A – SEND YOUR MESSAGE – OVER”

59. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 RELAY THROUGH DIRECTED NET 11 calls: “12 – THIS IS 11 – (MESSAGE) – OVER” As it is a DIRECTED NET, NCS answers: “(11) – THIS IS 0A – SEND YOUR MESSAGE – OVER” 11 attempts to send message to 12: “12 – THIS IS 11 – (MESSAGE) – OVER”

60. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 RELAY THROUGH DIRECTED NET 11 calls: “12 – THIS IS 11 – (MESSAGE) – OVER” As this is a DIRECTED NET, NCS answers: “(11) – THIS IS 0A – SEND YOUR MESSAGE – OVER” 11 attempts to send message to 12: “12 – THIS IS 11 – (MESSAGE) – OVER” [There is no reply from 12.] 11 again attempts to contact 12: “12 – THIS IS 11 – OVER”

61. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 RELAY THROUGH DIRECTED NET 11 calls: “12 – THIS IS 11 – (MESSAGE) – OVER” As this is a DIRECTED NET, NCS answers: “(11) – THIS IS 0A – SEND YOUR MESSAGE – OVER” 11 attempts to send message to 12: “12 – THIS IS 11 – (MESSAGE) – OVER” [There is no reply from 12.] 11 again attempts to contact 12: “12 – THIS IS 11 – OVER” [Still no reply from 12.] NCS directs that call be relayed through another station.

62. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 RELAY THROUGH DIRECTED NET NCS directs 11 to relay through 13: RELAY THROUGH “11 – THIS IS 0A – RELAY THROUGH 13 – OUT”

63. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 RELAY THROUGH DIRECTED NET NCS directs 11 to relay through 13: “11 – THIS IS 0A – RELAY THROUGH 13 – OUT” 11 complies, and transmits: RELAY TO “13 – THIS IS 11 – RELAY TO 12 – OVER”

64. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 RELAY THROUGH DIRECTED NET NCS directs 11 to relay through 13: “11 – THIS IS 0A – RELAY THROUGH 13 – OUT” 11 complies, and transmits: “13 – THIS IS 11 – RELAY TO 12 – OVER” 13 checks that it can communicate with 12: OUT TO YOU MESSAGE “(11) – (THIS IS) 13 – (ROGER) – OUT TO YOU – 12 – THIS IS 13 – MESSAGE – OVER”

65. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 RELAY THROUGH DIRECTED NET NCS directs 11 to relay through 13: “11 – THIS IS 0A – RELAY THROUGH 13 – OUT” 11 complies, and transmits: “13 – THIS IS 11 – RELAY TO 12 – OVER” 13 checks that it can communicate with 12: “(11) – (THIS IS) 13 – (ROGER) – OUT TO YOU – 12 – THIS IS 13 – MESSAGE – OVER” 12 asks 13 to send message: “(13) – (THIS IS) 12 – (SEND) – OVER”

66. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 RELAY THROUGH DIRECTED NET NCS directs 11 to relay through 13: “11 – THIS IS 0A – RELAY THROUGH 13 – OUT” 11 complies, and transmits: “13 – THIS IS 11 – RELAY TO 12 – OVER” 13 checks that it can communicate with 12: “(11) – (THIS IS) 13 – (ROGER) – OUT TO YOU – 12 – THIS IS 13 – MESSAGE – OVER” 12 asks 13 to send message: “(13) – (THIS IS) 12 – (SEND) – OVER” Having established communications with 13, 12 tells 13 to wait, and asks 11 to provide the message:

67. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 RELAY THROUGH DIRECTED NET WAIT – OUT TO YOU “(12) – (THIS IS) (13) – WAIT – OUT TO YOU – 11 – THIS IS 13 – SEND – OVER”

68. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 RELAY THROUGH DIRECTED NET WAIT – OUT TO YOU “(12) – (THIS IS) (13) – WAIT – OUT TO YOU – 11 – THIS IS 13 – SEND – OVER” 11 replies, giving message to 13: RELAY TO “(13) – (THIS IS) (11) – RELAY TO 12 – Have reached checkpoint BIG APPLE – OVER”

69. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 RELAY THROUGH DIRECTED NET WAIT – OUT TO YOU “(12) – (THIS IS) (13) – WAIT – OUT TO YOU – 11 – THIS IS 13 – SEND – OVER” 11 replies, giving message to 13: “(13) – (THIS IS) (11) – RELAY TO 12 – Have reached checkpoint BIG APPLE – OVER” 13 acknowledges the message then relays it to 12: OUT TO YOU FROM “(11) – (THIS IS) (13) – (ROGER) – OUT TO YOU – 12 – THIS IS 13 – FROM 11 – Have reached checkpoint BIG APPLE – OVER”

70. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 RELAY THROUGH DIRECTED NET WAIT – OUT TO YOU “(12) – (THIS IS) (13) – WAIT – OUT TO YOU – 11 – THIS IS 13 – SEND – OVER” 11 replies, giving message to 13: “(13) – (THIS IS) (11) – RELAY TO 12 – Have reached checkpoint BIG APPLE – OVER” 13 acknowledges the message then relays it to 12: “(11) – (THIS IS) (13) – (ROGER) – OUT TO YOU – 12 – THIS IS 13 – FROM 11 – Have reached checkpoint BIG APPLE – OVER” 12 acknowledges receipt of message: “(13) – (THIS IS) (12) – (ROGER) – OUT”

71. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 RELAY THROUGH DIRECTED NET WAIT – OUT TO YOU “(12) – (THIS IS) (13) – WAIT – OUT TO YOU – 11 – THIS IS 13 – SEND – OVER” 11 replies, giving message to 13: “(13) – (THIS IS) (11) – RELAY TO 12 – Have reached checkpoint BIG APPLE – OVER” 13 acknowledges the message then relays it to 12: “(11) – (THIS IS) (13) – (ROGER) – OUT TO YOU – 12 – THIS IS 13 – FROM 11 – Have reached checkpoint BIG APPLE – OVER” 12 acknowledges receipt of message: “(13) – (THIS IS) (12) – (ROGER) – OVER” 13 ends: “(12) – (THIS IS) (13) – OUT”

72. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 2.Mission. Needs to be brief and to the point. DELEGATING,ASSUMINGandRESUMING CONTROL CONTROL

73. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 DELEGATING CONTROL

74. DELEGATING CONTROL  NCS may need to delegate control of net to a substation or to an alternative HQ station when:

75. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 DELEGATING CONTROL  NCS may need to delegate control of net to a substation or to an alternative HQ station when:  effective control cannot be maintained by NCS (eg technical difficulties), or

76. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 DELEGATING CONTROL  NCS may need to delegate control of net to a substation or to an alternative HQ station when:  effective control cannot be maintained by NCS (eg technical difficulties), or  NCS has to leave net for any reason.

77. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 DELEGATING CONTROL  NCS may need to delegate control of net to a substation or to an alternative HQ station when:  effective control cannot be maintained by NCS (eg technical difficulties), or  NCS has to leave net for any reason. ASSUME CONTROL  NCS uses the proword ASSUME CONTROL when delegating control.

78. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 DELEGATING CONTROL  NCS may need to delegate control of net to a substation or to an alternative HQ station when:  effective control cannot be maintained by NCS (eg technical difficulties), or  NCS has to leave net for any reason.  NCS uses the proword ASSUME CONTROL when delegating control.  New acting NCS then asks all stations for RADIO CHECK, using callsign ‘Zero’ for this and all subsequent transmissions.

79. DELEGATING CONTROL  NCS may need to delegate control of net to a substation or to an alternative HQ station when:  effective control cannot be maintained by NCS (eg technical difficulties), or  NCS has to leave net for any reason.  NCS uses the proword ASSUME CONTROL when delegating control.  New acting NCS then asks all stations for RADIO CHECK, using callsign ‘Zero’ for this and all subsequent transmissions.  Original NCS still answers with callsign ‘Zero Alfa’.

80. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 EXAMPLE – DELEGATING CONTROL Net comprises NCS (0A), 10, 11, 12 and 13

81. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 DELEGATING CONTROL 12 12 10 10 13 13 11 111 0A Net callsign is XQ

82. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 DELEGATING CONTROL NCS has to leave net for a good reason, so delegates control to substation 12. NCS calls: ASSUME CONTROL “XQ - THIS IS 0A - 12 - ASSUME CONTROL - OVER”

83. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 DELEGATING CONTROL NCS has to leave net for a good reason, so delegates control to substation 12. NCS calls: “XQ - THIS IS 0A - 12 - ASSUME CONTROL - OVER” All stations answer in correct answering order:

84. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 DELEGATING CONTROL NCS has to leave net for a good reason, so delegates control to substation 12. NCS calls: “XQ - THIS IS 0A - 12 - ASSUME CONTROL - OVER” All stations answer in correct answering order: 10 replies: “(0A) - (THIS) 10 – ROGER –OVER’

85. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 DELEGATING CONTROL NCS has to leave net for a good reason, so delegates control to substation 12. NCS calls: “XQ - THIS IS 0A - 12 - ASSUME CONTROL - OVER” All stations answer in correct answering order: 10 replies: “(0A) - (THIS) 10 – ROGER –OVER’ 11 replies: “(0A) - (THIS) 11 – ROGER –OVER’

86. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 DELEGATING CONTROL NCS has to leave net for a good reason, so delegates control to substation 12. NCS calls: “XQ - THIS IS 0A - 12 - ASSUME CONTROL - OVER” All stations answer in correct answering order: 10 replies: “(0A) - (THIS) 10 – ROGER –OVER’ 11 replies: “(0A) - (THIS) 11 – ROGER –OVER’ WILCO Station assuming control – 12 – uses proword WILCO to confirm that it has understood and will comply:

87. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 DELEGATING CONTROL NCS has to leave net for a good reason, so delegates control to substation 12. NCS calls: “XQ - THIS IS 0A - 12 - ASSUME CONTROL - OVER” All stations answer in correct answering order: 10 replies: “(0A) - (THIS) 10 – ROGER –OVER’ 11 replies: “(0A) - (THIS) 11 – ROGER –OVER’ WILCO Station assuming control – 12 – uses proword WILCO to confirm that it has understood and will comply: WILCO 12 replies: “(0A) - (THIS) 12 – WILCO –OVER’

88. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 DELEGATING CONTROL NCS has to leave net for a good reason, so delegates control to substation 12. NCS calls: “XQ - THIS IS 0A - 12 - ASSUME CONTROL - OVER” All stations answer in correct answering order: 10 replies: “(0A) - (THIS) 10 – ROGER –OVER’ 11 replies: “(0A) - (THIS) 11 – ROGER –OVER’ WILCO Station assuming control – 12 – uses proword WILCO to confirm that it has understood and will comply: 12 replies: “(0A) - (THIS) 12 – WILCO –OVER’ 13 replies: “(0A) - (THIS) 13 – ROGER –OVER’

89. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 DELEGATING CONTROL NCS has to leave net for a good reason, so delegates control to substation 12. NCS calls: “XQ - THIS IS 0A - 12 - ASSUME CONTROL - OVER” All stations answer in correct answering order: 10 replies: “(0A) - (THIS) 10 – ROGER –OVER’ 11 replies: “(0A) - (THIS) 11 – ROGER –OVER’ Station assuming control – 12 – uses proword WILCO to confirm that it has understood and will comply: 12 replies: “(0A) - (THIS) 12 – WILCO –OVER’ 13 replies: “(0A) - (THIS) 13 – ROGER –OVER’ New acting NCS (in this case, 12), now with callsign RADIO CHECK ‘Zero’, then asks all stations for RADIO CHECK ….etc

90. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 ASSUMING CONTROL

91. If NCS unable to continue as NCS (eg equipment breakdown, etc), control of net reverts to: ASSUMING CONTROL

92. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 If NCS unable to continue as NCS (eg equipment breakdown, etc), control of net reverts to:  another pre-arranged substation or  next most senior substation on the net. ASSUMING CONTROL

93. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 If NCS unable to continue as NCS (eg equipment breakdown, etc), control of net reverts to:  another pre-arranged substation or  next most senior substation on the net. Before new NCS assumes control, it must confirm that NCS cannot be heard by other stations on net. ASSUMING CONTROL

94. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 If NCS unable to continue as NCS (eg equipment breakdown, etc), control of net reverts to:  another pre-arranged substation or  next most senior substation on the net. Before new NCS assumes control, it must confirm that NCS cannot be heard by other stations on net. If necessary senior substation may delegate control to another substation which would have more effective control of the net. ASSUMING CONTROL

95. If NCS unable to continue as NCS (eg equipment breakdown, etc), control of net reverts to:  another pre-arranged substation or  next most senior substation on the net. Before new NCS assumes control, it must confirm that NCS cannot be heard by other stations on net. If necessary senior substation may delegate control to another substation which would have more effective control of the net. I AM ASSUMING CONTROL Assume control using the proword I AM ASSUMING CONTROL ASSUMING CONTROL

96. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 EXAMPLE – ASSUMING CONTROL

97. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 EXAMPLE – ASSUMING CONTROL Stations on net: NCS (0A), 10, 11, 12, 13

98. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 EXAMPLE – ASSUMING CONTROL 12 12 10 10 13 13 11 111 0A Net callsign is XR

99. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 EXAMPLE – ASSUMING CONTROL Nothing has been heard from NCS for some time

100. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 EXAMPLE – ASSUMING CONTROL Substation 10 decides to assume control of net.

101. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 10 calls net: “XR - THIS IS 10 - Have you heard anything from CALLSIGN Zero Alfa – OVER’ EXAMPLE – ASSUMING CONTROL

102. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 10 calls net: “XR - THIS IS 10 - Have you heard anything from CALLSIGN Zero Alpha – OVER’ 5 seconds pause for NCS to answer. No stations have heard from 0A. EXAMPLE – ASSUMING CONTROL

103. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 10 calls net: “XR - THIS IS 10 - Have you heard anything from CALLSIGN Zero Alpha – OVER’ 5 seconds pause for NCS to answer. No stations have heard from 0A. All stations answer, in turn: NO ‘[callsign] - NO – OVER’ EXAMPLE – ASSUMING CONTROL

104. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 10 calls net: “XR - THIS IS 10 - Have you heard anything from CALLSIGN Zero Alpha – OVER’ 5 seconds pause for NCS to answer. No stations have heard from 0A. All stations answer, in turn: ‘[callsign] - NO – OVER’ NCS does not answer 5 seconds again pause for NCS to answer, if able – but NCS does not answer EXAMPLE – ASSUMING CONTROL

105. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 10 transmits to net: I AM ASSUMING CONTROL ‘(XR) - (THIS IS) 10 - I AM ASSUMING CONTROL - OVER’ EXAMPLE – ASSUMING CONTROL

106. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 10 transmits to net: ‘(XR) - (THIS IS) 10 - I AM ASSUMING CONTROL - OVER’ In operational military nets this would be followed by self-authentication, but this is not required in AAC radio nets. EXAMPLE – ASSUMING CONTROL

107. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 10 transmits to net: ‘(XR) - (THIS IS) 10 - I AM ASSUMING CONTROL - OVER’ In operational military nets this would be followed by self-authentication, but this is not required in AAC radio nets. All stations reply, in turn: ‘[callsign] - (ROGER) - OUT’ EXAMPLE – ASSUMING CONTROL

108. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 RESUMING CONTROL

109. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 EXAMPLE – RESUMING CONTROL 0A reports into net after an absence and resumes control of net. Net callsign is XS.

110. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 EXAMPLE – RESUMING CONTROL 0A reports into net after an absence and resumes control of net. Net callsign is XS. REPORTING INTO THE NETI AM ASSUMING CONTROL 0A calls: “XRAY SIERRA – THIS IS 0A - REPORTING INTO THE NET – I AM ASSUMING CONTROL – OVER”

111. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 EXAMPLE – RESUMING CONTROL 0A reports into net after an absence and resumes control of net. Net callsign is XS. 0A calls: “XRAY SIERRA – THIS IS 0A - REPORTING INTO THE NET – I AM ASSUMING CONTROL – OVER” In operational military nets this would be followed by self-authentication, but this is not required in AAC radio nets.

112. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 EXAMPLE – RESUMING CONTROL 0A reports into net after an absence and resumes control of net. Net callsign is XS. 0A calls: “XRAY SIERRA – THIS IS 0A - REPORTING INTO THE NET – I AM ASSUMING CONTROL – OVER” In operational military nets this would be followed by self-authentication, but this is not required in AAC radio nets. All stations reply in turn: “[callsign] – (ROGER) – OUT”

113. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 READ BACK PROCEDURE

114. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 READ BACK PROCEDURE Used by sender or receiver to make sure message:  was correct or  was received correctly

115. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 READ BACK PROCEDURE Used by sender or receiver to make sure message:  was correct or  was received correctly READ BACK Use proword READ BACK, then specify part concerned, e.g.:  READ BACK TEXT  READ BACK GRID, etc.

116. READ BACK PROCEDURE Used by sender or receiver to make sure message:  was correct or  was received correctly Use proword READ BACK, then specify part concerned, e.g.:  READ BACK TEXT  READ BACK GRID, etc. ‘READ BACK’ on its own means ‘read back complete transmission’

117. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 READ BACK PROCEDURE Only stations directed to do so are to read back.

118. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 READ BACK PROCEDURE Only stations directed to do so are to read back. In a collective or net call, it may only be necessary to require one or two stations to read back.

119. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 READ BACK PROCEDURE Only stations directed to do so are to read back. In a collective or net call, it may only be necessary to require one or two stations to read back. Remaining stations keep silent until read back is completed, then answer in order.

120. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 READ BACK PROCEDURE Only stations directed to do so are to read back. In a collective or net call, it may only be necessary to require one or two stations to read back. Remaining stations keep silent until read back is completed, then answer in order. ‘I READ BACK’ When reading back, use proword ‘I READ BACK’.

121. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 READ BACK PROCEDURE Only stations directed to do so are to read back. In a collective or net call, it may only be necessary to require one or two stations to read back. Remaining stations keep silent until read back is completed, then answer in order. When reading back, use proword ‘I READ BACK’. CORRECT WRONG Sending station verifies with proword CORRECT, or if not correct, by proword WRONG.

122. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 EXAMPLE – READ BACK PROCEDURE Conversation between NCS (0A) and 10

123. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 EXAMPLE – READ BACK PROCEDURE NCS asks 10 to read back a grid reference which is part of the text, to ensure that it is received correctly.

124. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 EXAMPLE – READ BACK PROCEDURE NCS asks 10 to read back a grid reference which is part of the text, to ensure that it is received correctly. NCS calls: READ BACK “10 THIS IS 0A – READ BACK checkpoint – Proceed to checkpoint BRAVO ECHO – OVER”

125. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 EXAMPLE – READ BACK PROCEDURE NCS asks 10 to read back a grid reference which is part of the text, to ensure that it is received correctly. NCS calls: “10 THIS IS 0A – READ BACK checkpoint – Proceed to checkpoint BRAVO ECHO – OVER” 10 replies – note it has not heard correctly: I READ BACK “(0A) – (THIS IS) 10 – I READ BACK checkpoint BRAVO XRAY – OVER”

126. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 EXAMPLE – READ BACK PROCEDURE 0A replies: WRONG “(10) (THIS IS) 0A – WRONG – checkpoint BRAVO ECHO – OVER”

127. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 EXAMPLE – READ BACK PROCEDURE 0A replies: “(10) (THIS IS) 0A – WRONG – checkpoint BRAVO ECHO – OVER” 10 replies again: I READ BACK “(0A) – (THIS IS) 10 – I READ BACK checkpoint BRAVO ECHO – OVER”

128. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 EXAMPLE – READ BACK PROCEDURE 0A replies: “(10) (THIS IS) 0A – WRONG – checkpoint BRAVO ECHO – OVER” 10 replies again: “(0A) – (THIS IS) 10 – I READ BACK checkpoint BRAVO ECHO – OVER” verifies 0A verifies: CORREC “(10) – (THIS IS) 0A – CORRECT – OUT”

129. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 IMPOSING, LIFTING AND BREAKING RADIO SILENCE

130. Commander may impose radio silence on a net for technical or other reasons. IMPOSING, LIFTING AND BREAKING RADIO SILENCE

131. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 Commander may impose radio silence on a net for technical or other reasons. Only NCS may order the imposing of radio silence by quoting a pre-arranged nickname. IMPOSING, LIFTING AND BREAKING RADIO SILENCE

132. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 Commander may impose radio silence on a net for technical or other reasons. Only NCS may order the imposing of radio silence by quoting a pre-arranged nickname. If such orders are given by NCS, transmission is authenticated by use of pre-arranged restricted nicknames, which mean: IMPOSING, LIFTING AND BREAKING RADIO SILENCE

133. Commander may impose radio silence on a net for technical or other reasons. Only NCS may order the imposing of radio silence by quoting a pre-arranged nickname. If such orders are given by NCS, transmission is authenticated by use of pre-arranged restricted nicknames, which mean: IMPOSING, LIFTING AND BREAKING RADIO SILENCE  IMPOSE RADIO SILENCE,  LIFT RADIO SILENCE or  BREAK RADIO SILENCE.

134. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 These nicknames are short-term nicknames which will be changed at pre-arranged times. IMPOSING, LIFTING AND BREAKING RADIO SILENCE

135. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 These nicknames are short-term nicknames which will be changed at pre-arranged times. A station which is NOT NCS may break radio silence only in emergency, using a pre-arranged nickname. IMPOSING, LIFTING AND BREAKING RADIO SILENCE

136. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 These nicknames are short-term nicknames which will be changed at pre-arranged times. A station which is NOT NCS may break radio silence only in emergency, using a pre-arranged nickname. The only other authority for lifting or breaking radio silence is an authentication code. IMPOSING, LIFTING AND BREAKING RADIO SILENCE

137. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 EMERGENCY SILENCE Emergency silence is imposed for:  transmission security, or  technical reasons, or  emergency

138. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 EMERGENCY SILENCE Emergency silence is imposed for:  transmission security, or  technical reasons, or  emergency All radio sets remain on listening watch

139. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 EMERGENCY SILENCE Emergency silence is imposed for:  transmission security, or  technical reasons, or  emergency All radio sets remain on listening watch Emergency silence is imposed or lifted only by a person authorised by SOIs.

140. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 EMERGENCY SILENCE Emergency silence is imposed for:  transmission security, or  technical reasons, or  emergency All radio sets remain on listening watch Emergency silence is imposed or lifted only by a person authorised by SOIs. ‘SILENCE, SILENCE, SILENCE’, Only NCS may give the order to impose emergency silence, using prowords ‘SILENCE, SILENCE, SILENCE’,

141. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 EMERGENCY SILENCE Emergency silence is imposed for:  transmission security, or  technical reasons, or  emergency All radio sets remain on listening watch Emergency silence is imposed or lifted only by a person authorised by SOIs. ‘SILENCE, SILENCE, SILENCE’ Only NCS may give the order to impose emergency silence, using prowords ‘SILENCE, SILENCE, SILENCE’, meaning ‘Cease transmission on this net immediately – silence is to be maintained until lifted’.

142. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 EMERGENCY SILENCE Transmission imposing emergency silence is made OUT twice and ends with proword OUT.

143. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 EMERGENCY SILENCE Transmission imposing emergency silence is made twice and ends with proword OUT. Transmissions which impose lifting or breaking radio silence must always be authenticated.

144. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 EMERGENCY SILENCE. except Stations DO NOT answer or give a receipt for such a transmission, except where it is not authenticated (due to non-availability for some reason), in which case:

145. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 EMERGENCY SILENCE. Stations DO NOT answer or give a receipt for such a transmission, except where it is not authenticated (due to non-availability for some reason), in which case:  either senior sub-station challenges NCS with an authentication challenge, OR

146. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 EMERGENCY SILENCE Stations DO NOT answer or give a receipt for such a transmission, except where it is not authenticated (due to non-availability for some reason), in which case:  either senior sub-station challenges NCS with an authentication challenge, OR  authentication is achieved by use of pre-arranged code-word.

147. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 CHANGING THE OPERATING FREQUENCY OF A RADIO NET

148. CHANGING OPERATING FREQUENCY OF A RADIO NET  Frequency change may be made for security or technical reasons.

149. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 CHANGING OPERATING FREQUENCY OF A RADIO NET  Frequency change may be made for security or technical reasons.  Only NCS may order change to designated frequency being used by net.

150. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 CHANGING OPERATING FREQUENCY OF A RADIO NET  Frequency change may be made for security or technical reasons.  Only NCS may order change to designated frequency being used by net.  This is done by using the pre-arranged nickname or frequency.

151. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 CHANGING OPERATING FREQUENCY OF A RADIO NET  Frequency change may be made for security or technical reasons.  Only NCS may order change to designated frequency being used by net.  This is done by using the pre-arranged nickname or frequency.  Nickname means:  CHANGE TO ALTERNATE FREQUENCY, or  CHANGE TO PRIMARY FREQUENCY. but these words are not used, only nicknames

152. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 CHANGING OPERATING FREQUENCY OF A RADIO NET BEFORE CHANGING THE NET TO THE NEW FREQUENCY:  sub-stations must read back pre-arranged nickname,

153. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 CHANGING OPERATING FREQUENCY OF A RADIO NET BEFORE CHANGING THE NET TO THE NEW FREQUENCY:  sub-stations must read back pre-arranged nickname  NCS must transmit again, saying nickname again (as executive order to enforce frequency change), and

154. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 CHANGING OPERATING FREQUENCY OF A RADIO NET BEFORE CHANGING THE NET TO THE NEW FREQUENCY:  sub-stations must read back pre-arranged nickname, &  NCS must transmit again, saying nickname again (as executive order to enforce frequency change), and  NCS may order one sub-station to new frequency to ensure it is workable.

155. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 CHANGING OPERATING FREQUENCY OF A RADIO NET NOT TO BE TRANSMITTED IN CLEAR FREQUENCIES ARE NOT TO BE TRANSMITTED IN CLEAR, EXCEPT:  under emergency circumstances,

156. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 CHANGING OPERATING FREQUENCY OF A RADIO NET NOT TO BE TRANSMITTED IN CLEAR FREQUENCIES ARE NOT TO BE TRANSMITTED IN CLEAR, EXCEPT:  under emergency circumstances,  when all other available methods (including written messages) have been considered),

157. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 CHANGING OPERATING FREQUENCY OF A RADIO NET NOT TO BE TRANSMITTED IN CLEAR FREQUENCIES ARE NOT TO BE TRANSMITTED IN CLEAR, EXCEPT:  under emergency circumstances,  when all other available methods (including written messages) have been considered),  if absolutely necessary, when enforcing emergency silence,

158. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 CHANGING OPERATING FREQUENCY OF A RADIO NET NOT TO BE TRANSMITTED IN CLEAR FREQUENCIES ARE NOT TO BE TRANSMITTED IN CLEAR, EXCEPT:  under emergency circumstances,  when all other available methods (including written messages) have been considered),  if absolutely necessary, when enforcing emergency silence,  when frequencies are being changed daily and no nicknames or frequency designators have been allocated.

159. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 CHANGING OPERATING FREQUENCY OF A RADIO NET SHOULD CONTACT BE LOST WITH ONE OR MORE SUB-STATIONS DURING (OR AFTER) FREQUENCY CHANGE PROCEDURE:  NCS – or delegated sub-station – is to revert to old frequency and try to re-establish communications with ‘lost’ stations.

160. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 CHANGING OPERATING FREQUENCY OF A RADIO NET SHOULD CONTACT BE LOST WITH ONE OR MORE SUB- STATIONS DURING (OR AFTER) FREQUENCY CHANGE PROCEDURE:  NCS – or delegated sub-station – is to revert to old frequency and try to re-establish communications with ‘lost’ stations.  ‘Lost’ stations should try to re-establish comms.

161. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 CHANGING OPERATING FREQUENCY OF A RADIO NET SHOULD CONTACT BE LOST WITH ONE OR MORE SUB-STATIONS DURING (OR AFTER) FREQUENCY CHANGE PROCEDURE:  NCS – or delegated sub-station – is to revert to old frequency and try to re-establish communications with ‘lost’ stations.  ‘Lost’ stations should try to re-establish comms.  If contact re-established, order to change frequency is tried again.

162. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 CHANGING OPERATING FREQUENCY OF A RADIO NET SHOULD CONTACT BE LOST WITH ONE OR MORE SUB-STATIONS DURING (OR AFTER) FREQUENCY CHANGE PROCEDURE:  NCS – or delegated sub-station – is to revert to old frequency and try to re-establish communications with ‘lost’ stations.  ‘Lost’ stations should try to re-establish comms.  If contact re-established, order to change frequency is tried again.  If this fails, NCS’ supervisor will decide on further action.

163. © LTCOL G. Newman– Martin 2011 QUESTIONS????