2. FAI/F3A Radio Control Aerobatics JUDGES TRAINING SESSION England, 14 th March 2004 FAI/F3A Radio Control Aerobatics JUDGES TRAINING SESSION England, 14 th March 2004 Produced by Bob Skinner, March 2004

3. OBJECTIVES:  To INFORM & EDUCATE judges and pilots (about P-05 and F-05)  For judges and pilots to have the SAME INTERPRETATION  To UPLIFT THE STANDARD of judging and flying THIS WILL LEAD TO  Mutual RESPECT between judges and pilots  Better PLACING of U.K. competitors and teams

4. PRINCIPLES of Judging F3A Manoeuvres PRINCIPLES of Judging F3A Manoeuvres

5. PRECISION

6. SMOOTHNESS & GRACEFULLNESS

7. POSITIONING

8. SIZE (Relative to manoeuvring area, and relative to other manoeuvres)

9. SIZE SMOOTHNESS & GRACEFULNESS POSITIONING PRECISION APPROXIMATE WEIGHTING (guide only!)

10. 100% PRECISION + SMOOTHNESS & GRACEFULNESS + CORRECT POSITIONING + CORRECT SIZE = 10 POINTS!

11. JUDGING STANDARDS...

12. CONSISTENCY & ACCURACY Minor defect on manoeuvre 3 = score 9 Minor defect on manoeuvre 7 = score 9 Major defect on manoeuvre 9 = score 4 Major defect on manoeuvre 11 = score 4 Minor defect on manoeuvre 12 = score 6 Major defect on manoeuvre 15 = score 9

13. Santa Claus... Or Scrooge!

14. Judge 1Judge 2Judge 3Judge 4Judge 5 MAINTAIN YOUR STANDARD! PILOT 1480- 1,2495+8,8477-4,2484+2,8470- 11,2 PILOT 2364- 14,8385+6,2416+37,2374- 4,8355- 23,8 PILOT 3491- 2,6513+19,4486- 7,6496+2,4482- 11,6 PILOT 4505+9,4502+6,4461-34,6511+15,4491- 4,6 PILOT 5460- 3,0477+14,0432-31,0464+1,0482+19 Usually lowerUsually higherInconsistentUsually averageUsually low but + bias

15. CRITERIA FOR JUDGING INDIVIDUAL MANOEUVRES (Method)

16. 1. What was the defect, or mistake?  Over, or under-rolling  Poor shape or geometry  Rolls not on middle of lines  Absence of lines  Entry, exit poor  Etc.

17. 2. How serious was the defect, or mistake?  Was it big?  Or was it small?

18. 3. How often did you see the defect, or mistake?

19. 4. What was the positioning of the manoeuvre?

20. 5. What was the size of the manoeuvre?

21. Now translate these DEFECTS… or MISTAKES into DEDUCTS… or DOWNGRADES START WITH PERFECT 10... Then 9…8…7…6…5…4…etc.

22. DEDUCT/ DOWNGRADE SYSTEM IMPRESSION ONLY BALANCE YOUR SCORING

23. WIND CORRECTION Flight path of model aircraft must describe correct geometric shape

24. ATTITUDE vs. FLIGHT PATH

25. 1 POINT PER 15 0 DEVIATION Up to 15 0 error = 1 point downgrade Up to 30 0 error = 2 point downgrade Up to 45 0 error= 3 point downgrade Perfect geometry = No downgrade Wings level - roll axis Horizontal lines - pitch axis

26. 1 POINT PER 15 0 DEVIATION Up to 15 0 error = 1 point downgrade Up to 30 0 error = 2 point downgrade Up to 45 0 error= 3 point downgrade Perfect geometry = No downgrade Vertical lines - pitch axis Vertical lines - yaw axis

27. GENERAL CRITERIA FOR INDIVIDUAL MANOEUVRES “Criteria…are standards by which something can be judged”

28. ARESTI SYSTEM Start of manoeuvre End of manoeuvre Upright, positive G Inverted, negative G Rolling circle (3 outside) Inverted rolling circle (1 inside) Positive G spin (upright) Negative G spin (inverted) 2 1 / 2 Negative spin (inverted) 2 Positive G spins (reverse direction) Stall turn Avalanche (negative snap) Humpty bump (centre) Humpty bump (turnaround) Cross-box manoeuvre (horizontal flight always inverted)

29. ARESTI SYSTE M 90 0 angle/corner (1/4 loop) 45 0 ( 1 / 8 loop) 135 0 ( 3 / 8 loop) 180 0 ( 1 / 2 loop) 1/8 loop and 5/8 loop Slow roll (aileron) Half roll 1 1 / 2 rolls, reversed 2-point roll 4-point roll 8-point roll 2 of 4-point roll Knife-edge flight 3 of 2-point roll Positive G snap roll 2 snaps opposite 1 1 / 2 positive G snaps Negative G snap roll Loop with 2-point roll (contained to top of loop) Rolling loop (roll is integrated with loop)

30. Horizontal 90 0 45 0 60 0 Minor mis-relation between line lengths = minus 1 point! No line after roll… minus 3 points! Line after and before roll not equal… minus 2 points! No line between manoeuvres… minus 1 point here… and minus 1 point here! LINES (This example maybe minus 2 or 3!)

31. This = minus 2 points! Each segmen- tation... minus 1 point! All part-loop radii equal. Minor mis-relation… minus 1 point! Radii too tight... Good compromise! …too open/loose... LOOPS

32. Roll not on middle of line... This example, minus 3 points! Difference in roll rate… minus 1 point! Different time duration on points… minus 1 point for each! Different roll rate… minus 1 point! Roll rate not constant (increasing here)… this example minus 3 or 4 points! ROLLS

33. STALL TURNS Up to ½ span radius of pivot… minus 1 point! Up to one wing span radius... minus 2 points! No line before roll… minus 3 points! Roll on middle of line... no downgrade! Up to 15 0 off vertical… minus 1 point! Wing-over = 2 wing spans or more. Flop forwards, or backwards… ZERO! Pivot on CG… no downgrade! Roll not on middle of line... minus 1 point! Pendulu m after stall... minus 1! Roll not on middle... minus 1 point! Up to 1½ wing span radius... minus 6/7 points! Wing-over… ZERO! Torque-off… 1pt/15 deg. downgrade

34. SNAP ROLLS A snap roll is basically a spin in the horizontal axis. The model aircraft rolls rapidly, with a continuous high angle of attack (positive and negative). The tail should describe a corkscrew path Barrel roll…scores ZERO! “BREAK” here (separation of fuselage attitude from flight path) FLIGHT PATH (centre of gravity) must be level

35. SNAP ROLLS POSITIVE SNAP ROLL + DOWN elevator NEGATIVE SNAP ROLL _ UP elevator

36. SNAP ROLLS If it is not a BARREL ROLL... A SNAP ROLL! …and it’s not an an AXIAL ROLL... …then it’s probably...

37. SPINS Stall… nose and wing drops… rotation starts Nose-up attitude Nose-up attitude increases Level entry 15 0 to 30 0 …minus 2! 90 0 overspin...minus 6! Up to 15 0 …minus 1! 30 0 to 45 0 …minus 3! Vertical downline after spin STOP, with no over- or under-spin Model aircraft spins around CG

38. SPINS Wing lift (snap entry)…ZERO! Forced with down-elevator… minus 2 or 3! Climbing… minus 1! Spiral dive…scores ZERO!

39. SPIN: DRIFT, OR WEATHERCOCK? A weathercock is fixed to the earth, but free to swivel into the prevailing wind. Direction of flight Up to 15 0 off… minus 1 point! Up to 30 0 off… minus 2 points! Minus 3 points! - 4 - 5 - 6! A model aircraft is not fixed to anything! No penalty for drifting with wind.

40. LOOP/ROLL/LINE COMBINATIONS Tight radius… minus 3 points for this example! 1/8 loop 5/8 loop 1/2 roll on middle of line Radii equal HALF CUBAN 8 Radii all equal 1/2 roll not on middle of line… minus 1 point! 1/4 loop 1/2 loop HUMPTY BUMP

41. DOUBLE IMMELMANN IS NOT A SAUSAGE Radii are equal 1/2 loop DOUBLE IMMELMANN (note shape…two loops are joining! 1/2 loop 1/2 roll directly after 1/2 loop Line before 1/2 roll... minus 2 points! SINGLE IMMELMANN Line before 1/2 roll... minus 2 points! 1/2 roll directly after 1/2 loop LOOP/ROLL/LINE COMBINATIONS

42. Radii all equal SQUARE LOOP ON CORNER All lines 45 0. All lines equal length Rolls in middle of lines 1/8 loop entry and exit 1 / 4 loop 1 / 4 loop 1 / 4 loop 1/2 roll on middle of line FIGURE 9 1/4 loop 3/4 loop Radii equal LOOP/ROLL/LINE COMBINATIONS

43. 1/2 roll on middle of line 45 0 DOWN 1/8 loop Radii equal 1/8 loop Radii all equal GOLF BALL 1/8 loop 1/8 loop 3/4 loop LOOP/ROLL/LINE COMBINATIONS

44. LOOPS WITH 1/2 ROLLS Loops must be ROUND! 4 5 7 8 1/2 rolls integrated with loop Rapid rolls at bottom should score less LOOP/ROLL/LINE COMBINATIONS

45. VERTICAL 8 (Note shape: loops are barely touching) HUMPTY BUMP 1/4 loop 1/2 loop 1/4 loop Straight flight here… downgraded! Loop not round Loop not round Radii not equal! LOOP/ROLL/LINE COMBINATIONS

46. LONGITUDINAL POSITIONING Manoeuvres out of box here, are penalised more... …than manoeuvres out of box here. Manoeuvres positioned here not penalised

47. VERTICAL POSITIONING (Height) 260 m 60 0 150m to flag 60 0 90 0 30 0 0

48. CENTRE POSITIONIN G Off-centre positioning… minus 3 or 4 points! (for this example)

49. CENTRE POSITIONIN G Off-centre positioning… minus 2 or 3 points! (for this example)

50. TURNAROUND POSITIONING

51. SCORE BETWEEN 0 - 10! (NOT 6-7-8 or 5-6-7!)

52. BE CONSISTENT! BE ACCURATE! BE IMPARTIAL!

53. DON’T DISCUSS FLIGHTS WITH FELLOW JUDGES

54. USE N/O (NOT OBSERVED) Be fair to competitors, and yourself!

55. As a judge, what is your goal?

56. What are your limitations?

57. How do you stay in shape?

58. How do you prepare?

59. STRATEGY Greek word for Strategy = STRATOS (to surprise the enemy)

60. ESSENCE of STRATEGY: Relationship between a pilot and his changing environment – Adapt or die Creating a sustainable competitive advantage Matching capacity to opportunity

61. Strategy = meaningless without reference to rivals

62. PROCESS OF STRATEGY: Where are we now = situation analysis Where would we like to be = plan How are we going to get there = implementation

63. OUT THINK OUT MANOEUVRE OUT PERFORM STRATEGY = TO

64. OUT THINK Detect, anticipate, understand, instigate change Be obsessed with enquiry Rid yourself of obsolete beliefs, assumptions, perceptions, projections

65. OUT MANOEUVRE Competency, capability, vision, skill best equipment, preparation Image and reputation Apply knowledge and experience

66. OUT PERFORM Positive, consistent, sustainable results Force rivals to play catch-up

67. THE STRATEGY GAME Rivals (other players in game) Arenas (where the game is played) Stakes (win or lose) Chips (resources) Scorekeeping

68. Motivation 1 Good enough never is

69. Motivation 2 Quitters never win. Winners never quit.

70. Motivation 3 Out-think, Out-manoeuvre, Out-perform your competitors

71. Motivation 4 Coming second, is like kissing your sister!

72. Motivation 5 You are responsible

73. Motivation 6 Your limitations are self-imposed

74. Motivation 7 Integrity always matters.