1. Mesopotamia “between the rivers”

2. CIVILIZATION CAUSE EFFECT Farming and Domestication Food Surplus Reliable Food Source Permanent Settlements Reliable Food Source Food SurplusLarger Populations Division of labor (artisans) CIVILIZATION

3. Why is this area known as the Fertile Crescent? Fertile Crescent Location’s everything -Tigris and Euphrates Rivers - IraqIraq

4. Map

5. Why is this area known as the Fertile Crescent? Fertile Crescent - Rich soil (silt) Location’s everything -Tigris and Euphrates Rivers - IraqIraq

6. Challenges

7. What were some of the challenges man had to deal with in order to settle this area? - dry - flooding of the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers How did man solve these problems? - Irrigation and drainage ditches

8. Who were the people that made up Mesopotamia? 3 groups - Assyrians (Assyria) - Akkadians (Akkadia) - Sumerians (Sumer)

9. Sumerian Society Cities established by 3,000 B.C.E City -states

10. What are some characteristics of Sumerian cities?cities - Walls - Defensive towers - Mud brick structures - Ziggurats What was the role of the ziggurat in Sumerian society? - Store food and crafts - Place of religious worship for priests/priestesses - Symbol of governmentgovernment

11. Sumerian Society Cities established by 3,000 B.C.E City -states Theocracy

12. - Polytheistic Sumerian Religion What type of religion did the Sumerians practice? What are some characteristics of their religion? - Natural events the result of gods and goddesses - Humans inferior - Gods and goddesses own cities

13. Sumerian Society Cities established by 3,000 B.C.E City -states Class system Theocracy

14. Gods and Goddesses Nobles Commoners Slaves Divine right Royals, priests, priestess Farmers, Merchants, Artisans

15. Sumerian Society Cities established by 3,000 B.C.E City -states Class system Theocracy Creativity

16. Writing: - cuneiform - Wagon wheel - Potter’s wheel - Sundial - Arch - Bronze - Number system based on 60 Inventions: How did the invention of the wheel affect society? - More tradetrade

17. Sumerian Society Cities established by 3,000 B.C.E City -states Class system Theocracy Creativity Trade

18. Economy Import Export Copper and tin Metal goods Timber Fish, wool, wheat, barley

19. From city-states to empires Akkadian Empire (2340 – 2100 B.C.E ) Babylonian Empire (1792 B.C.E) Hammurabi takes Akkad and Sumer codified law “Code of Hammurabi” Sargon takes the Sumerian city-states

20. The Code of Hammurabi Principle of retaliation “eye for an eye” Patriarchal Consumer - protection laws Punishment varied according to social class