1. Class # 3 OBS: PLEASE OPEN UP YOUR BOOKS ON PAGE #122

2. Just to Recap... http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=otrpxtAmDAk

3. Economic Development Vs. Water Availability It is of great importance to contextualize the development and industrialization proccesses of LEDCs (lower economically developed countries) and their possible lack of water; It is of great importance to contextualize the development and industrialization proccesses of LEDCs (lower economically developed countries) and their possible lack of water; Many governments in LEDCs have become aware of the problem of water pollution in recent years, and legislation has resulted in considerable improvements in many countries; Many governments in LEDCs have become aware of the problem of water pollution in recent years, and legislation has resulted in considerable improvements in many countries; However, in the rush to industrialize, water pollution is often placed second in importance to manufacturing growth. However, in the rush to industrialize, water pollution is often placed second in importance to manufacturing growth.

4. Future Water Use There will be considerable increase of global water consumption until 2025 (22% if we take 1995’s numbers); This increase is expected to be greater in LEDCs (27%) than in MEDCs (11%);

5. Remember this...? Mismanagement: If water is not used sustainably or inappropriately then water shortages can occur. One of the most famous examples is the Aral Sea. The Aral Sea is located on the border of Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan. Water was taken from the two rivers that fed the Aral Sea to irrigate the desert and grow cotton. Unfortunately so much water was needed to grow cotton in the desert, that no water reached the Aral Sea and it began to dry up, causing huge water shortages. For more details about the case study, following the link

6. TURKMENISTAN CASE STUDY

7. Case Study – Managing Water Scarcity in Turkmenistan Turkmenistan is one of the hottest countries in the world. Every year, temperatures as high as 50°C are registered, specially in the very arid countryside of the country, in the banks of the river Amu Daria (in 2006, a 51,7°C tempeature was registered in this region); Most of its territory (as much as 90%) is covered by the Karakum Desert, which means, in native turkmen language, “Black Sand”

8. Caspian Sea IRAN KAZAKHSTAN UZBEKISTAN AFGHANISTAN TURKMENISTAN Amu Daria River

9. Turkmenistan CS: Text Comprehension EXERCISES Important questions to be answered in order to understand the CS: Why the Karakum Canal contributes to water scarcity in Turkmenistan? List 2 (two) other environmental problems faced by Turkmenistan today; Identify the causes of low-quality water in Turkmenistan; How does politics aggravate problems in this country? (PLUS) Question # 2 of QUESTION BLOCK 3H (p.129)

10. IMPORTANT: ANSWER TO QUESTION #2, QUESTION BLOCK 3G, P.123 The policy of maintaining higher prices for water is more intelligent (and more sustainable) than keeping water prices low because raising water prices would possibly have an effect of encouraging all users to use water more efficiently, and it could also generate funds to improve water facilities and build new infrastructure.