1. Achmad Arifin (6D/2012002105) INFERENCEs..!!! 1 11 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 102345678910

2. Definition : Gathering clues and reading between the lines Reaching conclusions on the basis of evidence and reasoning The act of coming to a logical conclusion without actually eye witnessing or having first hand knowledge of certain events. The author said+what i know=my inference 2 11 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 102345678910

3. Function of inference : To understand literature, since the author often does not spell everything out directly. Leaving the reader to infer a lot of what has happened Going beyond the surface details to see other meanings that the details suggest or imply. 3 11 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 102345678910

4. Combination Questioning Questioning and inferring work in tandem to enhance understanding of text Students’ language provides a clue to their thinking. Making Connections Readers are able to think inferentially when they connect their background of information, ideas, and experiences with the text. Background Knowledge word clues + experience=inference author said + what i know _ my inference 4 11 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 102345678910

5. Predictions It is critical that we not only activate their knowledge of topics they must read about and study, but also be aware of situations in which they have little or no background knowledge so that we can build essential understandings before they begin reading. Imagination/Visualization When you read, you use all your senses. You see things in your ‘mind’s eye’ and hear the sounds you connect to that about which you are reading. Proficient readers use images to draw conclusions, 5 11 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 102345678910

6. Analysis of Text: Interpretation Judgments Inferring is the process of taking that which is stated in text and extrapolating it to one’s life to create a wholly original interpretation that, in turn, becomes part of one’s beliefs or knowledge. Drawing Conclusions Proficient readers make connections between conclusions they draw and other beliefs or knowledge. In drawing conclusions (making inferences), you are really getting at the ultimate meaning of things - what is important 6 11 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 102345678910

7. Steps making inference : Make sure your inferences rely mainly on the author’s words rather than your own feelings or experience. Your goal is to read the author’s mind, not invent your own message. Using logic problems can help students develop their ability to make inferences Check to see if your inference is contradicted by any statements in the paragraph. If it is, it is not an appropriate or useful inference. 7 11 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 102345678910

8. Example : In third grade, you cannot be promoted to fourth grade unless you pass the final exam. My classmate said she was going back to third grade again. I know she's got o.k. Grades. It infers us that she failed her final exam. 8 11 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 102345678910

9. More Example Some of the loveliest toadstools are deadly. For example, the fly agaric has a bright yellow, orange, or red cap with white bumps on top. Some people cut up this deadly beauty, sprinkle it with sugar, and tempt pesky flies to drop in for a meal. If they do, they get the specialty of the house: instant death! What can you infer about mushrooms? Answer : They are all flat. 9 11 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 102345678910

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