1. Ground Combat Support

2. Training & Logistics Support

3. INITIAL ROYAL AIR FORCE TRAINING AIRMENOFFICER TRAINING IS HELD AT ROYAL AIR FORCE HALTON TRAINING TAKES NINE WEEKS TRAINING IS HELD AT ROYAL AIR FORCE COLLEGE CRANWELL TRAINING TAKE THIRTY WEEKS WHICH ARE SPLIT INTO THREE TERMS OF TEN WEEKS

4. Training must therefore be both rigorous and realistic. ROYAL AIR FORCE ROLE TRAINING While technology is an important factor in the effectiveness of air power, it is of little use unless the aircrew and groundcrew have the necessary skills to be able to use the equipment properly. This is generally achieved by conducting large-scale exercises which are designed as far as possible to replicate wartime conditions and are likely to include extra problems such as disrupted communications, degraded command and control and realistic opposing forces.

5. LOGISTICS SUPPORT Logistics is the science of planning and carrying out the movement and maintenance of all aspects of a fighting force. At all levels of war, logistics is a major concern of any commander. Lack of logistic capabilities may cause a commander to delay or even cancel vital operations, which could lead ultimately to defeat.

6. The full scope of logistics includes: LOGISTICS SUPPORT b. The movement, evacuation and medical care of personnel a. The design and development, storage, transport, maintenance, evacuation and distribution of material. c. The construction, maintenance, operation of facilities. Logistics will dictate the scale, pace, scope and effectiveness of any air operation.

7. If men and equipment are not in the right place at the right time LOGISTICS SUPPORT If equipment is not properly maintained If aircraft are not refuelled and rearmed If wounded personnel do not receive appropriate medical care Then any military operation is doomed to fail.

8. Air Defence Operations ACTIVE AIR DEFENCE ACTIVE DEFENCE Active air defence not only involves the protection of air bases from air attack, but forms part of the counter-air campaign by inflicting as much damage as possible on the enemy air forces. Discussed fully in Chapter 3 Rapier

9. Air Defence Operations ACTIVE GROUND DEFENCE Prevents attack rather than responds to it. It would be the responsibility of all the people on a threatened air base to organise their own active ground defences. For this reason, all air force personnel should be trained and well practised in active ground defence procedures. Air Defence Operations ACTIVE GROUND DEFENCE

10. Air Defence Operations ACTIVE GROUND DEFENCE Active ground defences should include creating a ground defence area that can be: a.Patrolled using military forces.

11. Air Defence Operations b. Cleared of obstacles that may be used by an attacking force to provide cover. c. Protected with remote detection systems. d. Guarded by military forces operating from the protection of bunkers or sangars (defensive guard positions using sandbags or other materials). ACTIVE GROUND DEFENCE

12. Air Defence Operations PASSIVE DEFENCE Generally, dispersal offers the best protection against air attack. In practice the greater the number of locations the greater the targeting difficulties faced by an attacker. DISPERSAL But dispersing brings in other problems as it produces more sites to be guarded and supplied.

13. DECEPTION Air Defence Operations Concealment of installations and equipment can often confuse an enemy to such an extent that it makes it difficult for their weapon systems to acquire targets. Visual concealment may take the form of camouflage or applying tone-down techniques. Tactical deception would also include the deployment of decoys, varying unit procedures, obscuring the use of buildings and using radar reflectors to distort enemy navigational and bombing radars.

14. Air Defence Operations PHYSICAL PROTECTION All airfields contain key personnel, equipment and facilities which would need protection in a time of war. The level of protection is often decided by the unit commander and may range from the sand bagging of windows and doors to the use of hardened aircraft shelters, depending on operational priorities. But with modern weapons shelters are not always effective, as demonstrated in the Gulf War.

15. Air Defence Operations PHYSICAL PROTECTION HAS as designed HAS after attack

16. Air Defence Operations RESILIENCE Whatever the effectiveness of the defence measures adopted it is realistic to assume that a base will receive at least some damage. To ensure that operations are not disrupted too much, each base must have the capability to restore essential services as rapidly as possible.

17. Air Defence Operations Examples are: -bomb disposal personnel, who must be able to remove unexploded ordnance after an air raid to avoid further damage. -rapid repair capability, which is essential for runway and taxiway surfaces so that air operations are not disrupted. - skilled personnel to restore essential base services (eg electricity, water, fuel supplies and communications) which if out of action for too long, would weaken defences and expose the base to further attacks.

18. -duplication of essential facilities and equipment, so that a single hit will not bring operations to a halt. Minimum operating strips can be identified on runways and taxiways; Taxi tracks can be built to nearby stretches of straight road; Auxiliary runways can be built to minimum standards and reserved for wartime use only. Air Defence Operations