1. Christian N. Koyama University of Cologne IGARSS 2011 Vancouver, July 26 Soil Moisture Retrieval Under Vegetation Using Dual Polarized PALSAR Data Christian Koyama & Karl Schneider Department of Geosciences University of Cologne IGARSS 2011 Vancouver July 26, 2011

2. Christian N. Koyama University of Cologne IGARSS 2011 Vancouver, July 26 Outline Test Site & Field Measurements ALOS PALSAR Data & Processing Grassland Soil Moisture Retrieval Model High Resolution Surface Soil Moisture Patterns Conclusions - 02 - T ABLE OF C ONTENTS

3. Christian N. Koyama University of Cologne IGARSS 2011 Vancouver, July 26 Grass layer Layer depth: 5 – 175 cm Dielectric constant: 15 – 25 Blade density: 1000 – 3000/m² Grass biomass: 0.2 – 3.1 kg/m² Thatch layer Layer depth: 2 – 4 cm Dielectric constant: 6 – 70 Soil half space Dielectric constant: 9.7 – 33.8 Texture: clay/silt loam G ROUND T RUTH D ATA (test site and field measurements) - 03 -

4. Christian N. Koyama University of Cologne IGARSS 2011 Vancouver, July 26 PALSAR Fine Mode Dual Polarization Data Region: Track 647+648 / Frame 1000+1010 Ground Range Resolution: 15 m Center Frequency: L-band @ 1,270 MHz Chirp Bandwidth: 14 MHz Polarization: HH + HV Off-Nadir Angle: 34.3 deg. 2007 20082009 Track 647 Track 648 10/21/2009 5/4/2008 6/2/2008 6/19/20087/18/20086/22/20097/21/2009 9/5/20099/22/20099/17/2007 8/2/2007 Soil moisture Surface roughness Biomass ALOS PALSAR FBD343 DATA (product description & acquisition overview) - 04 - Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. MayJune July Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. MayJune July Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. MayJune 5/10/2010 6/25/2010 2010

5. Christian N. Koyama University of Cologne IGARSS 2011 Vancouver, July 26 ALOS PALSAR FBD343 Level 1.1 Multi-looking Coregistration + Generic Filtering Terrain Geocoding Radiometric Calibration [C2] Matrix Elements Processing Multi-Looking H/A/Alpha Decomposition Covariance [C2] Matrix Elements Geocoding S IMPLIFIED P ROCESSING C HAIN (basic processing and polarimetric decomposition of FBD343) - 05 -

6. Christian N. Koyama University of Cologne IGARSS 2011 Vancouver, July 26 2008-06-022008-07-182009-07-21 0 200 400 Meters Dual-pol α/H/span-HSV (H = alpha / S = entropy / V = span) Christian N. Koyama University of Cologne IGARSS 2011 Vancouver, July 26

7. Christian N. Koyama University of Cologne IGARSS 2011 Vancouver, July 26 Thatch Matrix soil Grass canopy - 7 - T HATCH L AYER E FFECT

8. Christian N. Koyama University of Cologne IGARSS 2011 Vancouver, July 26 2009-07-21 2008-06-02 Alpha [deg.] Entropy Alpha [deg.] Entropy m v = 37.9 SD = 4.4 m v = 34.5 SD = 3.4 2008-05-04 m v = 51.1 SD = 4.2 m v = 48.7 SD = 4.9 2007-09-17 G RASSLAND H2α P LANES Alpha [deg.] Entropy Alpha [deg.] Entropy - 8 - Cloude, S.R. (2007): “The Dual Polarisation Entropy/Alpha Decomposition: A PALSAR Case Study, “ In Proceedings of PolInSAR 2007.

9. Christian N. Koyama University of Cologne IGARSS 2011 Vancouver, July 26 - 9 - E MPIRICAL G RASSLAND P ARAMETER M ODEL

10. Christian N. Koyama University of Cologne IGARSS 2011 Vancouver, July 26 - 10 - G RASSLAND S OIL M OISTURE E STIMATION

11. Christian N. Koyama University of Cologne IGARSS 2011 Vancouver, July 26 S URFACE S OIL M OISTURE D ISTRIBUTION 2575 m v [Vol.-%] 2007-08-022007-09-17 Christian N. Koyama University of Cologne IGARSS 2011 Vancouver, July 26

12. Christian N. Koyama University of Cologne IGARSS 2011 Vancouver, July 26 Conclusions L-band dual-pol SAR has the potential to correct for disturbing effects occurring in grassland ecosystems without the use of a priori knowledge The retrieval algorithm is suitable to account for varying effects of vegetation and thatch The thatch layer is the major source of attenuation At L-band the amount of above ground grass biomass and its geometric properties can be neglected if <2 kg/m² C ONCLUSIONS - 12 -

13. Christian N. Koyama University of Cologne IGARSS 2011 Vancouver, July 26 Thank you for your attention. Acknowledgements The authors thank the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) and the European Space Agency (ESA) for the provision of ALOS PALSAR data through their PI programme (AOALO.3570). Financial support by the SFB/TR32 "Patterns in Soil-Vegetation- Atmosphere Systems" funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG) is gratefully acknowledged. christian.koyama@uni-koeln.de www.tr32.de - 13 -

14. Christian N. Koyama University of Cologne IGARSS 2011 Vancouver, July 26 2009-07-21 0 200 400 Meters Dual-pol Pauli-RGB (R = C22 / G = C11-2xC12r+C22 / B = C11) 2009-07-212009-07-21 Christian N. Koyama University of Cologne IGARSS 2011 Vancouver, July 26

15. Christian N. Koyama University of Cologne IGARSS 2011 Vancouver, July 26 Christian N. Koyama University of Cologne IGARSS 2011 Vancouver, July 26 Surface Soil Moisture Distribution 2575 m v [Vol.-%] 2008-05-042008-06-022008-06-19

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