1. © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Chapter 8 Dog Breed Identification and Production Management

2. © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Canine Specific Terminology Canine (K-9) –dog –derived from Latin Puppy – young dog under 1-year-old Bitch –adult intact female

3. © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Canine Specific Terminology Intact –able to reproduce Stud or Dog –adult intact male Neuter –to alter by removing reproductive organs

4. © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Canine Specific Terminology Spay –neutered female Castrate –neutered male Litter –group of puppies at birth

5. © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Canine Specific Terminology Pack –group of dogs Gestation –length of pregnancy –average is 63 days Whelping –labor process

6. © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Biology Domesticated over 10,000 years Descended from the wolf –Canis familiaris Carnivores Mammals

7. © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Biology Endothermic –regulate body temperature internally Monogastric –simple digestive system Life span –varies by weight range, breed, and care –smaller dogs typically live longer than larger dogs

8. © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Biology Built for specific uses and purposes Categorized by: –Size –Weight –Age –Coat type

9. © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Breeds Sporting Hounds Working Terriers Toys Herding Nonsporting AKC recognizes 155 breeds categorized into 7 groups:

10. © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Breeds Miscellaneous group –breeds not yet recognized by the AKC Designer/hybrid –new breeds also not recognized by the AKC –Labradoodle and puggle – for example

11. © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Breeds Pure breed –registered with a family pedigree and meets breed standards Mixed breed –unknown pedigree and not registered; may contain 2 or more breeds

12. © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Breed Selection Puppy or adult dog Hair and coat length Grooming needs Gender Size and space requirements Training needs Local restrictions

13. © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Nutrition Orphaned puppy - mother has died or is not able to nurse Must be fed formula –Esbilac or KBR commercial formula –Homemade formula: 3 egg yolks 1 c. homogenized milk; warmed 1 tbsp. corn oil 1 dropper liquid vitamins (Pet Tinic)

14. © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Nutrition Orphaned puppy –Refrigerate formula and warm per feedings –Feed with pet nurser, eye dropper, syringe, or tube feed –Feed at 45 degree angle to reduce air in the stomach –Weigh daily

15. © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Nutrition Orphaned puppy –FORMULA RATE= 60 ml per pound per day –Divide into 4 feedings until 2 weeks of age –Decrease to 3 feedings until weaning

16. © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Nutrition Weaning - the process of stopping nursing and beginning solid food –Begin at 4 weeks depending on size and health status –Feed soft food that is size appropriate –Add warm water as necessary –Begin dry food by 5 to 6-weeks-old –Allow food for 15 minute periods

17. © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Nutrition Adult dogs –Best to feed dry food to promote less tartar –Feed size and age appropriate food –Feed quality diets: Hills, Eukanuba, Lams –Ration the amount of food fed –Read the labels for instructions

18. © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Nutrition Maintenance diet - regular active dogs between 1-6 Senior diet - elderly dogs over 7 Reduced calorie diet - for less active or overweight dogs –Feed for the ideal weight of the dog

19. © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Behavior Happy Fearful Aggressive

20. © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Behavior Happy –Mouth open, panting, tongue exposed –Ears up; alert –Tail wagging and up –Relaxed stance/appearance –Head tilted/alert

21. © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Behavior Fearful –Tail tucked under body –Body lowered to ground –Ears flat and back on head –Avoids eye contact –Jumping at noises –Raises paw when approached –Shaking

22. © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Behavior Aggressive –Growling, snarling, bearing teeth –Ears forward; nose wrinkled –Hackles up (hair) –Tail raised and bristled –Stiff stance –Staring –Lowered head

23. © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Behavior Barking –Natural behavior –Social instinct; communication –Attention seeking –Warning –Anxiety; fear

24. © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Behavior Marking –Dogs will mark their territory –Social communication –Redirected anxiety –Sign of physical problem (bladder infection) –Decreased occurrences with neutering

25. © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Basic Training Housebreaking –Teaching to eliminate outside Obedience –Teaching desired habits Socialization –Teaching to act properly with other animals and people

26. © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Equipment and Housing Needs Collar and leash Crate or kennel Bedding Food and water bowl Toys

27. © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Restraint and Handling Do not make direct eye contact No sudden or quick movements Keep number of people to a minimum Speak slowly, calmly, and quietly

28. © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Restraint and Handling Physical –Use of handler’s body or equipment Verbal –Use of voice commands Chemical –Use of medication such as sedatives and tranquilizers

29. © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Standing Restraint Dog stands on table or floor One arm MUST support abdominal area to prevent dog from sitting Other arm in bear hug to control head

30. © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Sitting Restraint Similar to standing restraint only dog is sitting on floor or table One hand controls back end One hand controls head

31. © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Sitting Restraint Sitting position with restrainer against a wall Allows dog not to back up Hold body between legs Good for larger size dogs

32. © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Lateral Recumbency Lying on the side Reach across back and hold down side legs to place on down side Hold down floor side legs in front and back and use elbows to hold down body

33. © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Sternal Recumbency Sternal- on sternum or chest Place dog in sitting position and apply pressure to place on chest Use both arms to hold front and back ends down

34. © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Dorsal Recumbency Positioned on back Front legs pulled forward Back legs pulled backward Requires two or more people

35. © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Cephalic Venipuncture Blood collection procedure from front leg (cephalic vein) Dog is restrained in sitting position Bear hug to control head Extend leg at elbow and hold off vein for collection

36. © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Saphenous Venipuncture Lateral recumbency Use elbows to hold down head and rear Saphenous vein is located on inner thigh of the rear legs Hold leg not being used for venipuncture May be asked to hold off vein

37. © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Jugular Venipuncture Blood collection procedure from jugular vein in neck Sitting method or extension method over edge of table Extend head upward and away from technician—pull head toward your shoulder or away from shoulder

38. © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Lifting Techniques Small dog –can be carefully lifted, supporting front and back ends Large dog –will require 2 people –one at front end controlling head –one at rear end –lift under chest and abdomen –bend at knees and work together –work from the same side

39. © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Nylon Commercial Muzzles Short end on top Long or wide end on bottom of jaw Nylon, leather, basket, or wire Should fit snugly and snap behind ears Restrain front legs Select correct size Work from behind or the side — never from the front!

40. © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Gauze Muzzle Select a large piece of heavy gauze Make a large loop Place loop over muzzle and pull tight Tie the ends under the jaw snuggly with 1 knot Tie behind the ears with each strand placed on each side of the face Tie in a bow

41. © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Brachycephalic Muzzles Make loop over muzzle Loop on top of dog’s muzzle—criss cross over forehead Tie behind ears Use a nylon or basket muzzle as necessary Yellow Dog restraint packet, p. 5

42. © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Snare or Rabies Pole Noose on end to control head Long handle to keep dog a safe distance away from the restrainer For aggressive and hard to catch dogs Walk by pushing dog away from you

43. © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Grooming Bathing Ear cleaning Brushing hair coat Brushing teeth Trimming nails Trimming hair Shaving Ear plucking

44. © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Tools Clippers –Maintain with oil –Use cool lube to prevent overheating –Keep clean and properly disinfected –Blade sizes vary; size used is determined by coat type

45. © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Grooming Trimming –Take care not to cause injury to animal –May be necessary to shave: urogenital area digital pads ear flaps

46. © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Grooming Bathing –Warm water –Gentle shampoo and conditioner –Done every few months; over bathing causes dry skin –Use protective eye ointment –Dry with towel or blow drier

47. © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Grooming Brushing –Use slicker brush once dog is dry –Trim or shave mats –Should be done daily

48. © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Basic Health Care and Maintenance Annual physical examination Regular exercise Nail trimming Ear cleaning Anal gland expression Teeth brushing

49. © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Ear Cleaning Use cotton balls, gauze pads, and cleaning solution Only clean as far as can be seen Remove excessive hair Check for mites or infection Take care not to damage ear structures

50. © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Nail Trimming Some may need more frequent trims due to the surface kept on Do not trim into nail bed or quickly (blood supply) If bleeding, use styptic powder, flour, corn starch, or silver nitrate sticks to clot May need bandaging if nails get torn

51. © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Ear Plucking Removal of hair inside ears Use of forceps to remove Excessive hair growth can cause irritation and infection

52. © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Anal Gland Expression Scent glands located on each side of the rectum Fill with each bowel movement Can cause pressure and irritation Common for dogs to “scoot” across the floor Can become impacted and abscessed

53. © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Anal Gland Expression Clean externally with pressure applied to each side of the rectum More common in dogs with little to no tails Internal expression may be necessary for enlarged glands (veterinarian or veterinary technician ONLY)

54. © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Teeth Brushing Brush regularly to prevent tartar build up Use toothbrush or finger brush Use pet safe toothpaste only Human paste does not have digestive enzymes that are metabolized by animals Feed dry food to help control tartar and promote healthy teeth

55. © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Breeding WHELPING: –Process of female giving birth (in labor) –May use a whelping box placed 2-3 weeks prior to labor –Female needs a nice quiet, warm, dark area to whelp –Monitor dog but give her lots of privacy –Signs of labor: restless, stop eating 24 hours pre-labor, nesting, licking vulva, circling, lactation begins 12-24 hours pre-labor, panting

56. © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Vaccinations DHLPPC – given in series –Distemper –Hepatitis –Leptospirosis –Parainfluenza –Parvovirus –Coronavirus Rabies –Legally required in most states

57. © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Rabies Rabies given once at 16 weeks of age and good for 1 year Then given yearly to every 3 years depending on vaccine product used Legally all dogs must be vaccinated Rabies tags and certificate of proof needed Given IM or intramuscular (into the muscle)

58. © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Reproduction and Breeding Estrus begins –6-12 months of age for small breeds –8-18 months of age for large breeds Estrus is a 10-14 day cycle Also known as “being in heat”

59. © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Reproduction and Breeding Signs –swollen vulva –bloody discharge –licking vulva Breeding should begin 10-11 days after first signs of heat Gestation –average is 63 days

60. © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Reproduction and Breeding Whelping –Provide box in a warm, quiet, darkened area –Typically 8-12 hours of labor –Presentation is head first –Dystocia difficult labor; medical emergency

61. © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Reproduction and Breeding Signs of labor –Restless, anxious –Stops eating –Nesting –Licking vulva –Circling, discomfort –Milk production –Panting

62. © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Reproduction and Breeding Mother will lick puppies to dry them and stimulate breathing Puppies should begin to nurse as soon as possible Colostrum contains nutrients and antibodies to enhance immune system

63. © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Reproduction and Breeding Eyes and ears open in 10-14 days 85 degree temperature necessary for first 7 days Puppies begin walking around in about 14 days Mother licks pups to stimulate urine and waste production

64. © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Reproduction and Breeding Begin wagging tails and barking around 3 weeks of age (21 days) Socialize early Personalities begin to form between 6-8 weeks of age Behavior is formed by 16 weeks of age

65. © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Common Diseases bacterial- caused by bacteria viral- caused by viruses fungal- caused by fungus protozoan- caused by parasites that are single-celled organisms rickettsial- caused by parasites, commonly ticks

66. © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Bacterial Disease Leptospirosis –transmitted in urine Tetanus (lockjaw) –wounds Lyme disease –ticks that transmit bacteria

67. © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Leptospirosis All mammals Transmitted in urine Bacterial disease Signs: fever, lethargy (tired), skin bleeding, liver and kidney damage Vaccination available to dogs and cattle Caution when handling or cleaning urine Wear GLOVES!!!!

68. © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Viral Disease Canine distemper- respiratory Hepatitis- liver Rabies- bites and scratches Parvovirus- intestinal Coronavirus- respiratory Vaccination prevention but NO treatment

69. © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Rabies Affects all mammals and humans Transmitted by saliva into a wound –scratches –bite wounds Signs: change in behavior, aggression, foaming at mouth, drooling, fever, paralysis, and death

70. © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Rabies Know state law Vaccinate all dogs All suspects must be quarantined –10 days for vaccinated animals –90 days for vaccinated animals that may have been exposed to a rabid animal –180 days for unvaccinated animals or euthanasia to test brain tissue for rabies

71. © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Canine Distemper Viral disease of dogs Different levels of severity Can be fatal, especially in puppies 9-14 days to incubate and become infected

72. © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Canine Distemper Sanitation; very important to control Signs: fever, lethargy, not eating (anorexia), eye discharge, nasal discharge, v/d, coughing Can develop into seizures Dogs that recover can have neurological problems

73. © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Parvovirus Viral infection of dogs Signs: v/d, bloody odorous diarrhea, anorexia, lethargy, fever Vaccinate and control sanitation methods Usually fatal in puppies Must keep positive dogs in isolation

74. © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Fungal Disease Ringworm- direct contact with mammals Potentially zoonotic Lab tests, fungal cultures, and biopsies Contamination and sanitary control

75. © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Protozoan Disease Coccidiosis- bird droppings, water contamination Giardiasis- water contamination Most cause diarrhea

76. © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Rickettsial Disease Insect transmission Rocky Mountain spotted fever- ticks Tick paralysis- ticks cause loss of use of limb Insect control and vaccine prevention

77. © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Common Parasites External parasites: –occur outside of the body; usually on the skin –ticks –mites –fleas –lice

78. © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Fleas Wingless insects that jump and seek heat to find a blood meal Brown to black in color Cause scratching and chewing, sores May cause an allergic reaction from the flea’s saliva

79. © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Fleas Bite all animals and humans Females can lay 50 eggs a day; eggs hatch in 48 hours and become adults in 15 days Transmit diseases Flea dirt is the feces –add water to the dirt and turns red

80. © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Flea Control Control products: Advantage or Frontline –30 day control –topical application: apply to hair and skin Spray premises spray to control house and yard

81. © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Ticks Wingless insects with 3 pairs of legs that seek heat and blood meals Attach and imbed mouth into skin and transmit bacteria that cause disease Must remove carefully and not detach head

82. © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Ticks Body swells with blood as they feed Lay eggs on ground- 2 years to reach adult stage May cause itching, skin irritation, or redness Control and prevention with topicals –Advantix –Frontline

83. © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. MITES SKIN –SARCOPTIC (scabies) –DEMODECTIC (DEMODEX) Causes scratching Hair loss Skin infection Discoloration of skin Sores Sanitation is important EARS –Thick, dark exudates –Crusty –Causes scratching –Transmits to all animals –Microscopic

84. © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Common Parasites Internal parasites: – Occur within the body; usually in the intestinal tract –Heartworm disease (heart) –Whipworm –Roundworm –Hookworm –Tapeworm

85. © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Heartworm Mosquito is the vector- 6 months to adult stage Adult can grow to 12”- white like spaghetti Lodges in the right side of the heart, lungs, and bloodstream

86. © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Heartworm Blood testing and monthly prevention— HEARTGUARD, Interceptor Positive dogs can cautiously be treated; can cause death if microfilaria (adults) die and become clogged in the blood or heart causing a clot Signs: shortness of breath, coughing, exercise intolerance, tire easily, death

87. © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Hookworms Intestinal parasite that feeds on blood May be ingested through soil, by pups nursing, or by skin penetration

88. © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Hookworms Can be zoonotic to humans through skin, causing cutaneous larval migrans Signs: anemia, vomiting, diarrhea, weight loss Fecal sample for positive egg analysis; treat with wormers

89. © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Roundworms (ascarids) Live and feed in small intestine Most common intestinal parasite Appear long, thin, and white like spaghetti

90. © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Roundworms (ascarids) Signs: swollen abdomen, vomiting, diarrhea Animals may ingest rodents, contaminated soil (very resistant), placenta, or by nursing Zoonotic to humans causing visceral larval migrans Diagnosis with fecal egg analysis and treat with wormers

91. © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Whipworms Imbed in colon and intestine, feeding on tissues and blood Signs: diarrhea, weight loss, anemia Soil contamination Positive fecal analysis reveals football shaped eggs Treat with wormers

92. © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Tapeworms Small intestines Rodent ingestion or fleas ingested from grooming Worms form segments called proglottids that shed as the worm grows

93. © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Tapeworms Can see segments passed in stool or around anus Signs: diarrhea, scooting on floor Positive fecal analysis for eggs or for seeing segments Wormers and flea control products

94. © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. RINGWORM Fungus that is ZOONOTIC All mammals are susceptible Causes skin irritation, hair loss, itchiness Some areas develop a circular crusty lesion Treat all bedding and grooming items Sanitation is necessary for control

95. © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Common Surgical Procedures Spay- surgical removal of ovaries and uterus in females –OHE- ovariohysterectomy Castration- surgical removal of testicles in males Most common age is 6-months-old when reproductive organs are fully mature

96. © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Common Surgical Procedures Removal of dewclaw –to prevent injury Tail docking –cosmetic –best done at 3 to 5-days-old