1. Chad Garrett Writing in the Trenches Mediatory Discourse in Corporate Document Production

2. Chad Garrett Technical Communicators Many people believe that technical communicators – Sit outcast in their cubes. – Write alone. – Read silently. – Know stuff.

3. Chad Garrett Windowpane Theory Many early technical writing textbooks instructed students to have no noticeable writing style at all. Rather, the books said that writing should serve as a “windowpane,” something readers could “see through” to the integral information conveyed in the document.

4. Chad Garrett Windowpane Theory Essential Facts User/ Reader Technical Writer

5. Chad Garrett STC Bridge Theory For many years, the STC description of a technical writer’s responsibilities featured a picture of a large suspension- style bridge, and began with a sentence that said something to the effect of “I am the bridge between the people who create ideas and the people who use them.” In the 1990s, after significant debate, this metaphor was scrapped. --Karen Kuralt

6. Chad Garrett STC Bridge Theory Technical Writer Subject-Matter Expert User/Reader

7. Chad Garrett My Disconnect This was not my experience. – I wriggled within a power structure. – I worked with people. – I spoke. – I did not know everything.

8. Chad Garrett My Resolution Even the words I wrote represented a legacy of thought, knowledge, and language amassed by multiple minds over many years. Yes, I typed them, tweaked them, edited them; nevertheless, the fact became obvious that I did not own them. No one did. Rather, the knowledge, message, and text were all formed through the interactions of team members/coworkers, mandates from management, and legacy documents.

9. Chad Garrett My Support “Moreover, the actual documents may not represent the writer’s expert judgment in every sentence. Real-world documents are compromises.” --Janice “Ginny” Redish & Susan Rosen

10. Chad Garrett Thus, the Thesis My thesis idea resulted from how I really worked: – Within a power structure – Within a collaborative team And, from other interests: – In filmmaking – In collaborative writing

11. Chad Garrett The Role of Power Without power, companies would have little direction and accomplish few goals. In short, most companies would spiral into a vortex of “analysis paralysis” if no one had the power to make or guide decisions. I will not attempt to negate this fact. Instead, I will readily acknowledge the existence and value of power in collaboration. I posit that teams work within the power structure using negotiation, which represents the give-and-take between what power figures dictate from the top down and what teams interpret and deliver.

12. Chad Garrett Power (Negotiation) Level 1 Management Level 3 Management Level 2 Management Level 4 Management The Collaborative Team

13. Chad Garrett The Role of Collaboration Traditional rhetoric seemed inadequate: – Forensic – Deliberative Mediatory rhetoric fit: “Whatever other purposes rhetoric may serve, it is, fundamentally, a means of achieving social cooperation: The writer’s goal is to engage in some sort of cooperative activity with the reader.” --Young, Becker, & Pike

14. Chad Garrett Mediation A type of collaboration that takes place within teams among members of relatively the same “power class.” “Writing and speaking are the principal means that man has developed for promoting social cooperation and, hence, for maintaining and improving a civilized community.” --Young, Becker, & Pike Key tool is Rogerian Argument

15. Chad Garrett Rogerian Argument “Rogerian argument rests on the assumption that out of a need to preserve the stability of his image, a person will refuse to consider alternatives that he feels are threatening, and hence, that changing a person’s image depends on eliminating this sense of threat.” [original emphasis] --Young, Becker, & Pike

16. Chad Garrett In the beginning…

17. Chad Garrett Mediation

18. Chad Garrett Mediation

19. Chad Garrett Mediation

20. Chad Garrett Mediation happens

21. Chad Garrett The Study Observing employees at a local film company Shadowing the short but entire process Performing an ethnography Producing (essentially) two results: – A thick description of the ethnography – An analysis grounded in theory