2.  Life is found everywhere …. › Yellowstone Pools › Bottom of the Ocean › Ice in Antarctica  All living things and the places they are found on Earth is the biosphere Where do we find life? What is the biosphere?

3.  Biodiversity = variety of life in an area › Increases from poles to the equator › Why would it be greater closer to the equator?  2 million species › 10,000 more discovered › 50,000 go extinct What is biodiversity?

4.  Made up of cells  Need a source of energy  React to their environment › Why is this important?  Reproduce › Why is this important?

5.  All levels of biology have systems (organized group of related parts that interact to form a whole) › Ear, tree, cardiovascular system, digestive system  Structure and function are related › Red blood cells vs. brain cells › Molars vs. incisors What are some examples of systems? How are structure and function related?

6.  Organisms must maintain homeostasis › Maintained in 2 ways  Negative feedback  Behavior  Reptiles sitting in the sun  Eating to get your blood sugar back up  Evolution – the change in living things over time › Helps explain diversity How do organisms maintain homeostasis?

7.  What does independent mean? › The independent variable is the variable that WE choose to change; what is being manipulated

8.  What does dependent mean? › The dependent variable DEPENDS on the independent variable › The dependent variable is what we are looking at, what we study to see if it changes

9.  The control group is a group that does not have anything changing  Why would you use a control group?

10.  Dr. Imanut wants to examine whether a new drug increases the maze running performance of older rats. Just like aging humans, older rats show signs of poorer memory for new things. Dr. Imanut teaches two groups of older rats to find a piece of tasty rat chow in the maze. One group of rats is given the new drug while they are learning the maze. The second group is not given the drug. One week after having learned the maze, he retests the rats and records how long it takes them to find the rat chow.  What is the independent variable? ◦ Age of the rats, type of maze, length of time it took the rats to run the maze, presence or absence of the drug  What is the dependent variable? ◦ Age of rats, type of maze, length of time it took the rats to run the maze, presence or absence of drug

11.  A researcher wanted to study the effects of sleep deprivation on physical coordination. The researcher selected 25 year-old male college students and deprived some of the subjects of either 24, 36, or 45 hours of sleep then had them complete an obstacle course for time.  In the study, what was the independent variable?  In the study, what was the dependent variable?

12. a) Theory b) Observation c) Hypothesis d) Experimentation e) Supporting Evidence

13.  All scientific inquiry starts with observation › Qualitative vs. Quantitative data › From the picture on the next slide, come up with 3 quantitative and 3 qualitative pieces of information What is the difference between qualitative and quantitative data?

15.  Scientists record observations as data.  Scientists form a hypothesis  Scientists test their hypotheses and analyze their data.

16.  Supported  Change based on new evidence. What is a theory?

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18.  Imaging technology is used in medicine. › X-ray images › Magnetic resonance imaging › Functional MRI What kind of imaging technology is used in medicine?

19. ® Knowledge of biology helps you understand: ® Your health ® Environmental systems brain lungs heart liver kidneys Why might knowledge of biology be useful?

20.  Over the past 50 years, biological knowledge has greatly increased.

21.  There are still many questions to answer in biology. –How are memories stored in the brain?

22.  There are still many questions to answer in biology. –How are memories stored in the brain? surface proteins lipid envelope nucleic acid capsid –Does life exist on planets other than Earth? –How do viruses mutate?