2. Patterns of Imperialism Unit Enduring Understandings 1. The motives of competition and profit often prompt people and groups to expand into new areas of opportunity. 2. Changes in technology and exchange during the 18 th and 19 th centuries led to the social and economic changes around the world that are still relevant today. 3. Technology, transportation and communication enabled European nations to become the dominant world powers in the 19 th century. 4. Centers of global economic and political power shift over time. 5. Technology and industrial advancement can alter existing social and economic systems. Agenda – Why was Africa unable to effectively resist imperialism? 1.Review both selections on p 21 – answer questions 1 and 2 on the bottom. 1.Which causes of imperialism are identified in these selections? 2.How does industrialization play a role in imperialism? 2.Actively read p 22 – answer the following questions: 1.Compare this map to map on p 308 in book. How may Livingstone’s expeditions have impacted the Berlin Conference’s division of Africa? 2.Which of Livingstone’s expeditions was the one during which Stanley sought him? 3.Actively read both selections on p 23 – answer questions 1 and 2 on the bottom. 4.Complete organizer on p 24 – answer the Agenda question 5.Work on core assessment

3. Various methods of Imperialism How did Britain control Nigeria and other colonies? Indirectly – used local chieftains by putting hitherto weak people in charge over the daily affairs of the colony. The weak “chieftain” was backed by British military power and directed by British political officials. How did France control its colonies Directly – using the concept of paternalism (the French are the “fathers” and the Africans are the “children” and since father knows best, France controlled the daily activities of government in the colony through white French officials. Assimilation - France also wanted the colonials to adopt French ways of dressing, behaving, governing, speaking and believing – because the French ways are superior and more advanced, successful and civilized.

4. Africa Resists How did Algeria’s resistance differ from that of East Africa against Germany? Algeria had a fifty year active military resistance against France while East Africa used a traditional, spiritual magical belief system to try to protect them from the Germans. Unfortunately for both, the European military might was more powerful than the Algerian will to resist and the East Africans’ magic was no match for machine guns. Why was Ethiopia successful in resisting Europeans? Menelik II was clever in being able to play the Italians against the French and the British using diplomacy and intelligence. Menelik II also bought modern weapons to put Ethiopia on an equal footing with the Italians where the Battle of Adowa showed that Africans could defeat Italians if armed with a modern arsenal.

5. Various methods of Imperialism How did Africans benefit from colonization? New technologies like railroads, telegraph and telephones New medicines and hospitals led to increased life expectancy Fewer local wars and the end of slavery Improved education and literacy Improved sanitation Improved market desirability of African products like palm oil, cocoa, ivory and rubber. What were the negative effects of colonization? Death from war with Europeans Death from European diseases Death from famine caused by reallocation of agriculture and forced labor Destruction of many traditional ways of life and belief Loss of property and control of their own existence Artificial boundaries leading to future conflicts and destruction