1. 1.What dense magnetic material is the Earth’s core mostly made of? ANS: Iron 2. Because the crustal rocks contain specimens manufactured within the mantle (volcanic in nature), as well as sedimentary rocks formed at the surface, the ____________, or the solid outer portion of the Earth is very heterogeneous ANS: Lithosphere

2. 3. The cooler portion of the mantle which is in contact with the crust is known as the _____________. ANS: Asthenosphere 4. ______________ ______________ in the asthenosphere help to drive the tectonic plates on the Earth’s surface. ANS: Convection Currents 5.Tectonic plate boundaries that move apart from one another, are known as ____________________. ANS: Divergent

3. 6.Tectonic plate boundaries that subduct, or meet and one is forced beneath another, are known as ________________ plate boundaries. ANS: Convergent 7.Highly active earthquake zones form where tectonic plates slip past one another. This type of tectonic boundary is known as ________________. ANS: Transform 8. Where does the energy that moves tectonic plates around come from, and by what process is this energy generated? ANS: Convection currents within the mantle that are formed due to the heat of fission of radioactive elements found within the Earth.

4. Match the following energy transferal methods to the Earth subsystem that it most closely influences. Note: Some may be used more than once. Conduction Convection Radiation 9.Lithosphere ANS: Conduction 10. Hydrosphere ANS: Convection 11. Biosphere ANS: Conduction 12. Atmosphere ANS: Radiation; Convection

5. Use the following words, and match to the statements: Ultraviolet Infrared Cosmic 13. Type of energy transferred from the solid surface of the Earth, back out into the atmosphere. ANS: Infrared 14. Type of energy trapped in the VanAllen Belt ANS: Cosmic 15. Long-wave radiation, mostly felt as thermal energy ANS: Infrared 16. Energy mostly responsible for greenhouse effect. ANS: Infrared

6. Match the letters in the diagram below to the statements below. 17. May transfer energy through convection and radiation equally efficiently Ans: A 18. On the Earth, you would weigh less here ANS: F 19. Represents the mantle ANS: E 20. Represents the asthenosphere ANS: D 21. Represents the lithosphere F G H H

7. 22. Earth’s magnetic field is created largely from this effect. Convection currents within the liquid outer core, cause the solid inner core to spin faster than the Earth. ANS: Dynamo effect Use the following list to match to the statements below: Seismic Body Waves Bore holesP Waves S WavesIndirect evidence Direct evidence 23. Nearly all of what we know about the Earth’s interior comes from this ANS: Seismic body waves; P and S waves; indirect evidence 24. Xenoliths and ophiolites are these ANS: Direct evidence 25. Act differently as they move through different media. ANS: P Waves, S Waves, Seismic body Waves

8. Use the following list and match them to the statements below. Note: each statement may have more than one match. Some choices may not be used. Magnetic FieldAurora borealisAurora australis Solar WindsCosmic RaysMagnetosphere Plasma 26. The Van Allen Belt is made of this ANS: Plasma, Cosmic Rays 27. Caused by excited gases in Earth’s atmosphere ANS: Aurora borealis; Aurora Australis 28. The Van Allen Belt is found here ANS: Magnetosphere 29. Southern lights ANS: Aurora australis

9. Use the following list to match to the statement below: Note: Each may be used, some, or one may be used. Fossil/Geological similarities Polar wandering Sea-floor spreading 30. Supports continental drift hypothesis ANS: Fossil and geological similarities; Polar wandering; Sea-floor spreading 31. This hasn’t changed much in last 20 million years ANS: Polar wandering 32. Occurs at the mid-ocean ridge along a divergent boundary ANS: Sea-floor spreading

10. 33. What tool do we use to measure and record earthquake waves? ANS: Seismograph 34. Today, most of what we know about Earth’s interior comes from indirect evidence, or studying ____________ ___________. ANS: Seismic waves (P and S waves) Use the following list to answer the question: Earthquake Distribution Mid-Ocean Ridge Recent Volcanic Activity Hot-Spot Distribution 35. Of the above, which type of map might show most clearly the Earth’s Tectonic Plate Boundaries? ANS: Earthquake Distribution