1. By Michelle Rosenberg

2. Purpose To normalize the BMIs of men and women Research claims women have more difficulty due to: Effects of pregnancy (pre, during & post) (Asil &et al, 2014, p.255-260) (Widen & Gallagher, 2014, p.643) Lower fat metabolisms (Chao & et al, 2008) Weight gain w/ age more so for men than women (Averett & et al, 2008)

3. Method Randomly selected 30 person group 15 men, 15 women (ages 30-65) Comprised of normal BMI, underweight BMI, overweight BMI & obese BMI

4. Method (cont.) 3 year study of diet and exercise programs specific to participant Routine meetings w/ nutritionists & personal trainers 1 st year: weekly meetings 2 nd year: monthly meetings 3 rd year: 1 st 6 months- every other month, last 6 months- once every three months

5. Basic Description Set up diet and exercise programs for participants to learn how to do themselves w/ check ups Participants slowly weaned out meetings to keep up with programs independently

6. Assessment Plan Meetings took place in empty gym w/ personal trainers & nutritionists Weight, BMI and progress recorded at each meeting

7. Results OverallMean64.7155.826.064.7153.825.6 SD3.934.54.13.932.63.7 p value Pre BMI 0.00039 Post BMI 0.00051 FemaleMean61.7131.124.261.7130.024.0 SD2.819.03.02.817.22.7 p value Pre BMI 0.087 Post BMI 0.095 MaleMean67.7180.527.767.7177.727.3 SD2.128.14.32.126.34.0 p value Pre BMI 0.0016 Post BMI 0.0018 Height (inches) in 2012 Weight (pounds) in 2012BMI in 2012 Height (inches) in 2015 Weight (pounds) in 2015BMI in 2015

8. Results (cont.) P values indicate progress in normalizing participants BMIs Large difference in progress made with men and women Men more successful (see last slide for p values)

9. Results (cont.) BMI

10. Results (cont.) Chart on previous slide shows visual of BMI averages Men have a larger average BMI than women Men more successful in normalizing their BMIs than women

11. Discussion Men’s average BMIs began & ended as overweight 2012: 27.7 2015: 27.3 Women’s average BMIs began & ended as normal 2012: 24.2 2015: 24.0 Men made more progress in normalization of BMI

12. Discussion Men had more outliers With outliers removed: Average male BMI in 2012: 25.6 Average male BMI in 2015: 25.4 Without outliers, average BMI still overweight before & after study Without outliers, men & women made same progress

13. Evaluation & Reflection Male success largely due to having more weight to lose than women in this particular study Study proves men are more successful than women at losing weight In future studies: use more participants More participants of each BMI category (normal, underweight, overweight, obese)

14. References Asil, E., Surucuoglu, M. S., Cakiroglu, F. P., Ucar, A., Ozcelik, A. O., Yilmaz, M. V., & Akan, L. S. (2014). Factors that affect body mass index of adults. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 13(5), 255-260. Retrieved from http://ezproxy.rowan.edu/login?url=http://search.proqu est.com/docview/1545888052?accountid=13605 Averett, S., Sikora, A., & Argys, L. (2008). For better or worse: Relationship status and body mass index. Economics & Human Biology, 6(3), 330-349. Retrieved July 19, 2015, from http://www.sciencedirect.com.ezproxy.rowan.edu/scienc e/article/pii/S1570677X08000543

15. References (cont.) Chao, A., Zu, S., Hu, W., Sun, Z., & Wang, L. (2008). The relationship of body mass index with the body composing and fat distribution between men and women. Bone, 43, Supplement 1. Retrieved July 19, 2015, from http://www.sciencedirect.com.ezproxy.rowan.edu/scienc e/article/pii/S8756328208005693 Widen, E. M., & Gallagher, D. (2014). Body composition changes in pregnancy: Measurement, predictors and outcomes. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 68(6), 643-52. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ejcn.2014.40