1. Innovations in ICP Sample Introduction
Jerry Dulude, Glass Expansion, Inc.
4 Barlows Landing Rd.
Pocasset, MA

2. Innovations in Sample Introduction
Summary of Discussion
Low Flow Nebulizers
Helix O’ring-free Spray Chambers
New Internal Standard Kit
Niagara Rapid Rinse Accessory
Innovations in Sample Introduction
Glass Expansion

3. Applications of Low-Flow Nebulizers
Limited sample volumes
Volatile samples
Expensive waste disposal
ICP-MS-LC interface
Low-Flow Nebulizers
Glass Expansion

4. Range of Low-Flow Nebulizers
MicroMist- Concentric glass nebulizer
0.05 to 0.6 ml/min
PolyCon- Concentric polyimide nebulizer
0.05 to 0.6ml/min
OpalMist- Concentric PFA nebulizer
0.01 to 0.6ml/min
Low-Flow Nebulizers
Glass Expansion

5. Transport Efficiency vs. Uptake
UPTAKE RATE (ML/MIN)
Indirect drain collection method
Low-Flow Nebulizers
Glass Expansion

6. Tertiary Flow Rate vs. Uptake
(ul/min)
Low-Flow Nebulizers
Glass Expansion

7. Corroboration of Tertiary Flow Rates
Uptake rate
(ml/min)
Indirect Method
(mg/min)
Direct Method*
0.03 15 14
0.11 23 21
Todoli, Hernandis, Canals, and Mermet, JAAS, 1999, 14,
Using GE MicroMist nebulizer with U-tube absorption for measurement
Low-Flow Nebulizers
Glass Expansion

8. Primary Aerosol Size Distribution Comparison
Nebulizer Gas Flow Rate = 1.0 L/Min Solution Uptake Rate = Natural Aspiration
D32 = 17.2
Conikal (2ml/min) 20 60
100
Normalized Count
MicroMist (0.03ml/min)
Normalized Volume 20 60
100
D32 = 7.1
Diameter (mm) 10 20 30 40 50 60
Diameter (mm) 10 20 30 40 50 60
Low-Flow Nebulizers
Glass Expansion

9. Tertiary Aerosol Size Distribution Comparison
Nebulizer Gas Flow Rate = 1.0 L/Min Solution Uptake Rate = Natural Aspiration
Baffled Cyclonic Spray Chamber
Conikal (2ml/min) 20 60
100
D32 = 4.9
Diameter (mm) 20 60
100
D32 = 5.0
MicroMist (0.03ml/min) 10 40 30 50
Normalized Count
Low-Flow Nebulizers
Glass Expansion

10. New Micro-Flow OpalMist
All PFA construction
Natural uptake rate of ml/min
Ultra-high purity applications
Ideal for micro samples down to 20 ul volume
Low-Flow Nebulizers
Glass Expansion

11. Cyclonic Spray Chambers Advances in Nebulizer Installation
1993
1984
1996
Helix O’ring free spray chamber
Glass Expansion

12. Helix O'ring-Free Spray Chamber
Reduced carryover
Faster washout
Higher purity
Can stand up to ketones and other solvents
Helix O’ring free spray chamber
Glass Expansion

13. New Internal Standard Kit Benefits of Internal Standardization
Compensate for physical interferences
Viscosity
Surface tension
Compensate for some chemical interferences
High salts
Mass related effects (ICP-MS)
Improve short term precision (simultaneous detectors)
Decrease long-term drift
Internal Standard Kit
Glass Expansion

14. New Modular Internal Standard Kit
Glass Expansion

15. IS Tee with Built-in Mixing Chamber
Internal Standard Kit
Glass Expansion

16. New Flared-End Pump Tubing
The final building block of a totally modular system
Internal Standard Kit
Glass Expansion

17. IS Schematic
Peri Pump
Sample IS
Internal Standard Kit
Glass Expansion

18. Niagara™ Rapid Rinse Accessory
Interfaces between ICP & Autosampler
Reduces required rinse time
Programmable delay time
Less than 8 inches high
Includes adj. height stand
Rapid Rinse Accessory
Glass Expansion

19. How Niagara Works
Analysis
Rinse
Rapid Rinse Accessory
Glass Expansion

20. Niagara Time Saving (30 sec rinse)
Standard System
With Niagara
Probe to sample 5
Uptake delay 15
Stabilization 10
Read
Probe to rinse
Rinse 30
Total (seconds) 80 55
= Rinse steps
Rapid Rinse Accessory
Glass Expansion

21. Summary MicroMist nebulizers Helix spray chambers
Efficient sample consumption
Minimum waste generation
Helix spray chambers
Eliminate o’ring maintenance and contamination
Reduce carryover
Internal standard kit
Improved accuracy without the work
Easy & inexpensive modular replacement
Niagara Rapid Rinse Accessory
More samples per hour
Faster sample turnaround time
Rapid Rinse Accessory
Glass Expansion