1. Extracting Vegetable Oils L.O: To understand where different oils come from and which are saturated and unsaturated Starter: Make a list of as many different oils as you can (Hint: think about cooking)

2. Extracting Oil Step 1: Crush the plant Step 2: Remove oil by pressing OR step 3: Remove oil by distillation

3. Extracting by crushing 1.Copy the table and complete it as do the activity. 2.Crush each of the foods with a pestle and mortar. 3.Test for fats (oil) using the filter paper – it will look clear when held up to the light if the food contains oil. 4.Make a note of how much oil you think you extracted. FoodContains oil? or  How much oil What would you have to do with the crushed food next to get pure oil?

4. Distillation The oil and water have a lower boiling point, so evaporate before the other impurities do. An emulsion of water and oil is distilled. This means that the oil will be separated.

5. Distillation Questions 1.What is the difference between the solution in the side armed flask and the solution in the conical flask? 2.Why do the liquids get separated? 3. What impurities get removed in this way?

6. How Healthy Are Oils? Vegetable oils contain a lot of energy – over double the energy that is in sugar. Oils may also contain other useful nutrients e.g. vitamin e in vegetable oils, and omega 3 in fish oils But some oils are healthier than others and do not clog up your arteries.

7. Healthy and Unhealthy Oils Unhealthy oils: Healthy oils: “Saturated” “Unsaturated”

8. Saturated vs. Unsaturated Fats Some oils are more healthy than others. These oils are “unsaturated” like ethene: CC H H H H Ethene Testing for double bonds: Clearly, it is important for scientists to be able to test if a food contains “healthy” unsaturated fats or “unhealthy” saturated fats. Here’s how it’s done: Oil (in ethanol) Bromine goes colourless Bromine water

9. Saturated vs. Unsaturated Fats Iodine also tests for unsturated oils CC H H H H Ethene Testing for double bonds: The reddy brown colour of iodine turns colourless Oil Iodine goes colourless Iodine

10. Copy and fill in this table OilColour after Bromine Test Colour after iodine test Saturated or Unsaturated Does it contain double bonds? 123456123456 Is there a pattern linking the state of the fat or oil at room temperature and its chemical nature (saturated or unsaturated)?

11. Summary: Fill in the gaps We can extract vegetable oils from some plants by _______ or ________. Vegetable oils are particularly important as foods because they contain a lot of _______. Some vegetable oils contain carbon – carbon double bonds – we call these ________ vegetable oils. They can be detected by reacting them with _______ or ________. Brominedistillationenergy iodinepressingunsaturated