1. Lecture 1: OCN400 Chemical Oceanography Prof: Jim Murray TAs: Tessa McGee Susanna Michael 1.Introduce Murray 2. Who are the Students? 3. Syllabus / Text (Emerson and Hedges) 4. Course web site: http: //www.ocean.washington.edu/courses/geol330/http: //www.ocean.washington.edu/courses/geol330/ 5. Themes for course 6. What do we want students to be able to do? 7. How will we know what they can do? Problem Sets (7), Paper Discussions (5), Mid-Term (1) 8. Course Activities / Materials 9. Greatest Challenges for Students

3. Four Main Themes 1.Global Carbon Cycle 2.Are humans changing the chemistry of the ocean? 3.What are chemical controls and tracers for biological production? 4. What is the fate of organic matter made by biological production?

4. Quantitative Tools to Master 1.Equilibrium Calculations (carbonate system, speciation, solubility, oxidation-reduction reactions) 2.Stable and Radioactive Isotopes (mass balance equations, decay equations, secular equilibrium) 3. Simple Box Model approaches and fluxes (e.g., gas exchange, primary new and export production, sedimentation) 4. What controls the global systems of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and oxygen. 5. Reading and Discussion of the literature

5. Global Carbon Cycle

6. Sabine et al. (2004) SCOPE Reservoirs and Fluxes

7. Mauna Loa CO 2 record – Started by David Keeling (SIO) NOAA-ERL Data Latest CO 2 Reading 399.00 ppm July, 2014

8. Source of anthropogenic CO 2

9. Source: C. D. Keeling and T. P. Whorf; Etheridge et.al.; Barnola et.al.; (PAGES / IGBP); IPCC (BP 1950) Projected (2100) Current (2001) CO 2 Concentration (ppmv) Vostok Record Law Dome Record Mauna Loa Record IPCC IS92a Scenario

10. Carbon Tracker Atmospheric CO2 from 800,000 years ago to the present http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bbgUE04Y-Xg

11. Are Humans Changing the Composition of the Ocean? Yes, in may ways! Examples include: Ocean Acidification Lead and Mercury distributions Nitrate distributions Fukushima radionuclides

12. Because the ocean mixes slowly, half of the anthropogenic CO 2 stored in the oceans is found in the upper 10% of the ocean. Sabine et al. Science (2004) Global Anthropogenic CO 2 Inventory = 118±19 Pg C

13. Rate of Change in Inventory of anthropogenic CO2

14. Chemistry, Biology and Circulation

15. Nitrate concentrations High Nutrient-Low Chlorophyll regions:

16. Fate of Organic Matter

17. Source: JGOFS / IGBP CO 2 Preindustrial CO2: maximum strength bio pump: 160 ppm Preindustrial CO2: Physical pump alone: 400 ppm Oceanic Primary Production: Sept. 97 – Aug. 98 CO 2 Biological PumpPhysical (solubility) Pump