1. HEZBOLLAH & HAMAS Sheikh Ahmad Yassin (1936-2004) Sheikh Hasan Nasrallah (August 30, 1960). Ismail Hanija (1963)

2. THE PALESTINIAN JIHAD & HAMAS Izz al-Din al-Qassam and the 1936 Jihad. Izz al-Din al-Qassam and the 1936 Jihad. Hamas as a consequence of the Islamization of the Palestinian movement. Hamas as a consequence of the Islamization of the Palestinian movement. The Evolutions of Hamas: The Evolutions of Hamas: 1987: The establishment of Hamas as a “branch” of the Muslim Brotherhood. 1987: The establishment of Hamas as a “branch” of the Muslim Brotherhood. 1988, August 18: Hamas charter 1988, August 18: Hamas charter “Hamas is a link in (a long) chain of the Jihad against the Zionist occupation, which is connected and tied with the initiation of the Jihad of the martyr Izz al-Din al-Qassa…” (article 7). “Hamas is a link in (a long) chain of the Jihad against the Zionist occupation, which is connected and tied with the initiation of the Jihad of the martyr Izz al-Din al-Qassa…” (article 7). “The land of Palestine is an Islamic trust upon all Muslim generations until the Day of Resurrection. It is not right to give it up nor any part of it” (article 11). “The land of Palestine is an Islamic trust upon all Muslim generations until the Day of Resurrection. It is not right to give it up nor any part of it” (article 11). “When an enemy occupies some of the Muslim lands, Jihad becomes obligatory on every Muslim” (article 15). “When an enemy occupies some of the Muslim lands, Jihad becomes obligatory on every Muslim” (article 15). 1992: The creation of Izz al-Din al-Qassam Brigades, the military wing of Hamas. 1992: The creation of Izz al-Din al-Qassam Brigades, the military wing of Hamas. 1993: The first time of Hamas suicide bombings took place. 1993: The first time of Hamas suicide bombings took place. The First Intifada (1987-1993) and the second “Al-Aqsha” Intifada (2000). Intifada means “uprising,” or “shaking off.” The First Intifada (1987-1993) and the second “Al-Aqsha” Intifada (2000). Intifada means “uprising,” or “shaking off.” 2006: Hamas won legislative elections in January. 2006: Hamas won legislative elections in January. Izz al-Din al- Qassam (1882-1935)

3. Abd al-Aziz ibn Baz (1911-1999). Abd al-Aziz ibn Baz (1911-1999). “The term suicide operations is an incorrect term and misleading term, because they are heroic operations of martyrdom and have nothing to do with suicide. The mentality of those who carry them out has nothing to do with the mentality of someone who commits suicide. He who commits suicide kills himself for his own benefit, while he who commits martyrdom sacrifices himself for the sake of his religion and nation…The mujahid becomes a human bomb that blows up at a specific place and time, in the midst of the enemies of Allah and the homeland, leaving them helpless in the face of the brave shahid. who sold his soul to Allah and sought shahadah for the sake of Allah” (Ibn Baz). “The term suicide operations is an incorrect term and misleading term, because they are heroic operations of martyrdom and have nothing to do with suicide. The mentality of those who carry them out has nothing to do with the mentality of someone who commits suicide. He who commits suicide kills himself for his own benefit, while he who commits martyrdom sacrifices himself for the sake of his religion and nation…The mujahid becomes a human bomb that blows up at a specific place and time, in the midst of the enemies of Allah and the homeland, leaving them helpless in the face of the brave shahid. who sold his soul to Allah and sought shahadah for the sake of Allah” (Ibn Baz). Sheikh Al-Qaradawi (b. 1926). Sheikh Al-Qaradawi (b. 1926). “Allah Almighty is just; through his infinite wisdom he has given the weak a weapon the strong do not have and that is their ability to turn their bodies into bombs as Palestinians do” (BBC News, 7/7/2004). “Allah Almighty is just; through his infinite wisdom he has given the weak a weapon the strong do not have and that is their ability to turn their bodies into bombs as Palestinians do” (BBC News, 7/7/2004). Sheikh Al-Tantawi of al-Azhar states: Sheikh Al-Tantawi of al-Azhar states: “Groups which carried out suicide bombings were the enemies of Islam.” “Islam considers anyone who kills an innocent person as killing the whole of humanity.” (BBC News, 12/4/2001 and 7/11/2003). “Groups which carried out suicide bombings were the enemies of Islam.” “Islam considers anyone who kills an innocent person as killing the whole of humanity.” (BBC News, 12/4/2001 and 7/11/2003). MARTYRDOM OPERATION & JUSTIFICATION BY CLERICS

4. THE HISTORY AND MAIN EVOLUTION OF HEZBOLLAH 1982: “Party of God,” a Shi’i Islamic political and paramilitary group was officially established in Lebanon. 1982: “Party of God,” a Shi’i Islamic political and paramilitary group was officially established in Lebanon. April-Dec 1983: Hezbollah was accused of bombing the US embassy and the France led-multinational force headquarters in Beirut. April-Dec 1983: Hezbollah was accused of bombing the US embassy and the France led-multinational force headquarters in Beirut. Nov 1983-Apr 1985: Hezbollah urged Israel out of Lebanon. Nov 1983-Apr 1985: Hezbollah urged Israel out of Lebanon. 1985: “An Open Letter” addressed to fight against America, the France, and its necessity for the destruction of Israel. 1985: “An Open Letter” addressed to fight against America, the France, and its necessity for the destruction of Israel. 2005: The party won 10.9% of parliamentary seats in the general election. 2005: The party won 10.9% of parliamentary seats in the general election. 2006: War between Israel and Hezbollah. 2006: War between Israel and Hezbollah.

5. HEZBOLLAH CONCEPTION OF JIHAD Defensive Jihad. Defensive Jihad. Revolutionary Jihad Revolutionary Jihad The Concept of Umma Mujahida. The Concept of Umma Mujahida. Martyrdom Martyrdom Greater and lesser Jihad. Greater and lesser Jihad.