1. Bones and Skeletal Tissue
Chapter 6
Bones and Skeletal Tissue
Part A

2. Skeletal Cartilage Contains no blood vessels or nerves
Surrounded by the perichondrium (dense irregular CT) that resists outward expansion
Three types – hyaline, elastic, and fibrocartilage

3. Hyaline Cartilage Provides support, flexibility, and resilience
Is the most abundant skeletal cartilage
Is present in these cartilages:
Articular – covers the ends of long bones
Costal – connects the ribs to the sternum
Respiratory – makes up the larynx and reinforces air passages
Nasal – supports the nose

4. Elastic Cartilage
Similar to hyaline cartilage but contains elastic fibers
Found in the external ear and the epiglottis

5. Fibrocartilage Highly compressed with great tensile strength
Contains collagen fibers
Found in menisci of the knee and in intervertebral discs

6. Growth of Cartilage
Appositional – cells in the perichondrium secrete matrix against the external face of existing cartilage
Interstitial – lacunae-bound chondrocytes inside the cartilage divide and secrete new matrix, expanding the cartilage from within

7. Bones and Cartilages of the Human Body
Figure 6.1

8. Classification of Bones
Axial skeleton – bones of the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage
Appendicular skeleton – bones of the upper and lower limbs, shoulder, and hip

9. Classification of Bones: By Shape
Long bones – longer than they are wide (e.g., humerus)
Figure 6.2a

10. Classification of Bones: By Shape
Short bones
Cube-shaped bones of the wrist and ankle
Bones that form within tendons (e.g., patella)
Figure 6.2b

11. Classification of Bones: By Shape
Flat bones – thin, flattened, and a bit curved (e.g., sternum, and most skull bones)
Figure 6.2c

12. Classification of Bones: By Shape
Irregular bones – bones with complicated shapes (e.g., vertebrae and hip bones)
Figure 6.2d

13. Function of Bones
Support – form the framework that supports the body and cradles soft organs
Protection – provide a protective case for the brain, spinal cord, and vital organs
Movement – provide levers for muscles
Mineral storage – reservoir for minerals, especially calcium and phosphorus
Blood cell formation – hematopoiesis occurs within the marrow cavities of bones

14. Gross Anatomy of Bones Compact bone – dense outer layer
Spongy bone – honeycomb of trabeculae filled with yellow bone marrow