1. Renewable Energy Sources And Its Application Presented By Julie Samantaray Assistant Professor(O.G) 3/2/20151Dept. Of Mechatronics

2. Themes 1. Why opt for renewable energy? 2. What is the present status of renewable Energy in India? 3. What is the scope for renewable energy? 4. What are the challenges and opportunities in renewable energy? 3/2/20152Dept. Of Mechatronics

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4. Population 1095 million GDP (PPP) 3362 Billion US$ Primary Energy 22.4 EJ Energy/person 20.5 GJ/person/year Electricity/person 480 kWh/capita/year CO2 emissions Per person Per GDP 1147 Million tonnes 1.05 tonnes /capita/year 0.31 kg /US$ 3/2/20154Dept. Of Mechatronics

5. Applications Power Generation Cooking Water Heating Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Distillation Drying Space Heating 3/2/20155Dept. Of Mechatronics

6. Why Renewables? Present consumption pattern predominantly - fossil fuel Limited fossil reserves Adverse environmental impacts Unsustainable Need for transition to clean technology renewable energy, efficiency, nuclear 3/2/20156Dept. Of Mechatronics

7. India- Primary Commercial Energy 3/2/20157Dept. Of Mechatronics

8. Wind Power ~8000 MW installed Single machine upto 2.1 MW Average capacity factor 14% Capital Rs 40-50 million/MW £500,000, Rs 3- 4/kWh (cost effective if site CF >20%) India 45000 /13000 MW potential estimated 32%/ year (5 year growth rate) 3/2/20158Dept. Of Mechatronics

9. Power Generation Options 3/2/20159Dept. Of Mechatronics

10. Renewable installed capacity and generation 3/2/201510Dept. Of Mechatronics

11. Perspective Plan (MNRE) Source: 11 th Plan proposal MNRE Govt of India 3/2/201511Dept. Of Mechatronics

12. Map of India showing the geothermal provinces 3/2/201512Dept. Of Mechatronics

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14. Small Hydro Power Classification - Capacity -Micro less than 100 kW Mini 100 kW - 3 MW Small 3 MW - 15 MW Micro and Mini - usually isolated, Small grid connected Heads as low as 3 m viable Capital Rs 50-60 million/MW, Rs 1.50-2.50/kWh 2046 MW (7%/year) 200 kW Chizami village, Nagaland Aleo (3MW) Himachal Pradesh 3/2/201514Dept. Of Mechatronics

15. Biomass Conservation Routes 3/2/201515Dept. Of Mechatronics

16. Biomass Power Higher Capacity factors than other renewables Fuelwood, agricultural residues, animal waste Atmospheric gasification with dual fuel engine 500 kW gasifier - largest installation Combustion – 5-18 MW Rs 4-5/kWh (5-7p/kWh) 3/2/201516Dept. Of Mechatronics

17. Thermal Application Steel Reheating Furnace Raipur Investment Rs 3.8 million, Annual savings Rs 3 million, Simple Payback period 1.25 years, IRR 80% (IITB, Cosmos) (Rice Husk, wood) 1.25 Mkcals/hr NARI, Sugarcane Leaves, Bagasse, Ceramic Tile furnace 0.25 Mkcals/hr Silk Drying – TERI, payback period 2.5 years Carbon Dioxide Manufacture 3/2/201517Dept. Of Mechatronics

18. Biogas 45-70% CH 4 rest CO 2 Calorific value 16-25MJ/m 3 Digestor- well containing animal waste slurry Dome - floats on slurry- acts as gas holder Spent Slurry -sludge- fertiliser Anaerobic Digestion- bacterial action Family size plants 2m 3 /day Community Size plants 12- 150 m 3 /day Rs 12-14000 for a 2m3 unit Cooking, Electricity, running engine 3/2/201518Dept. Of Mechatronics

19. Technology Options For Solar Panel 3/2/201519Dept. Of Mechatronics

20. Area Of Power Generation India’s present electricity requirement approx. 500 billion kWh, can be met by installing 2500 sq. km of solar field. A square of 50km x 50km, or 4 smaller squares of 25km x 25km. 3/2/201520Dept. Of Mechatronics

21. Solar Cooking Double Community Cooker- Rishi Valley School 3/2/201521Dept. Of Mechatronics

22. Solar Cooking-Kichen 3/2/201522Dept. Of Mechatronics

23. Cooking with the Sun Concentrators 3/2/201523Dept. Of Mechatronics

24. Solar Cooking 3/2/201524Dept. Of Mechatronics

25. Solar Home Lighting Solar Power Supply 3/2/201525Dept. Of Mechatronics

26. Solar Road Lighting Solar Street Lighting system Solar Studs 3/2/201526Dept. Of Mechatronics

27. Solar Road Lighting COLLECTOR STORAGE TANK FROM OVERHEA D TANK TO USAGE POINT AUXILIARY HEATER STORAGE TANK COLLECTOR PUMP FROM OVERHEAD TANK TO USAGE POINT Schematic of solar water heating system AUXILIARY HEATER  Solar Water Heating Systems in India – Installed Capacity = 1.5 million sq. m. (0.8% of estimated potential) 3/2/201527Dept. Of Mechatronics

28. Solar Thermal Power Project 3/2/201528Dept. Of Mechatronics Parabolic Trough CLFR Tecnology

29. 3/2/201529Dept. Of Mechatronics 5 kWp Solar PV power plant at Rajmachi Village, Maharashtra

30. Performance of solar PV power plant at Rajmachi 3/2/201530Dept. Of Mechatronics

31. Challenges and opportunities in renewable energy 3/2/201531Dept. Of Mechatronics  Cost effective Renewables  Reliability  Storage-Ultracapacitors, lithium ion batteries  Low cost inverters  Low rating Wind machines  Innovative products  Distributed power systems – Hybrid concepts, matching supply and demand Novel materials for renewable energy systems

32. Conclusion 3/2/2015Dept. Of Mechatronics32 Major difficulties in attaining target of 10% of electricity generated by renewables by 2010 Main contributors to this target will be :- 1)Offshore and Onshore wind farms 2)Biomass/wood, straw, etc 3)Photovoltaic But policies like Climate Change Levy and the Renewables Obligation will help establish renewables

33. References 3/2/201533Dept. Of Mechatronics  MNES Annual Reports, 2001-2009 Integrated Energy Policy Report, Planning Commission, 2006  11 th Five year plan proposal, MNRE, Govt of India www.mnes.nic.in  S.P.Sukhatme, Solar Energy, Tata McGraw Hill, Delhi,1997  Banerjee, Comparison of DG options, Energy Policy, 2006  Pillai and Banerjee,Renewable Energy in India, Status and Potential, Energy, in press

34. Thank You 3/2/201534Dept. Of Mechatronics