1. The Carolingian Renaissance

2. Charlemagne’s Motivation Many versions of Bible -- How to know what God wants? Poor Pronunciation (Latin  French) -- How to tell God what you want? (God speaks Latin)

3. Charlemagne’s Goals Accurate Latin Bible, prayer books and liturgy Elevate literacy in Latin, especially amongst clergy -- Side effect: Roman classics were recopied, studied, enjoyed. However: “roses on the thornbush.”

4. Assembling Scholars Paul the Decon (Italy) Einhard the Frank Theodulf of Orleans Alcuin of York (Northumbria) Gather at Charlemagne’s capital in Aachen

5. Caroline Miniscule

6. Schools 789 Charlemagne orders every monastery to establish school Universal Education Mostly Latin, but also basic math  Masses remain illiterate  But improvements among clergy

7. Outcomes of Renaissance Schools established Ancient Roman and Greek texts preserved Unintended consequence: gap between Latin and vernacular (everyday language) Medical study begins in 9th century