1. Artistic revolution Emergence of Mind ► Paleolithic world ► Economy/technology  Gatherer-hunters/opportunists  Stone, bone, fiber ► Origins of agriculture and “urban life” not until the early neolithic 11,000 years ago.

2. Art or magic? ► Is magic the origin of art? What is art? ► Is magic the origin of religion? ► Can we find the origin of culture in art?

3. Abstract expressions ► Earliest known from 50,000 years ago ► Found in many areas of Europe, Africa, Australia (Most in Spain and France). ► Typical forms: abstract rock carvings, painted animal forms, carved images of females or animals.

4. ► Representational art  fixed ► portable  Abstractions and  literal ► meanings? ► Magic  sympathetic ► transfigurative  Traditional ► healing

5. La grotte de Lascaux, France

6. Visit ► www.bradshawfoundation.com/lascaux/‎

8. Cave: Tuc d’Audoubert, France

9. Altamira, Spain

10. Antler atlatl fragment, ~ 20,000 years ago. La Madeleine, France. (Atlatls are spear throwers)

12. Atlatl in use

15. Altamira Cave, Spain

16. Mammoth ivory Czechoslovakia 12,550 years ago “Venus” figurines 45,000 years old, Germany Hohle Fels

17. From Germany. 200,000 years ago?

18. Venus of Dolni Vestonici Venus de Luassel

19. Venus of Walendrof, Germany. Approx. 30,000 years ago

20. Neanderthal “flute’ ????

21. Australia France Inn rock overhangs

22. Australia

23. Significance? ► Do images represent efforts to control nature? ► Do they signify origins of goddess worship…a mother earth cult? ► Who is responsible for the art and what responsibilities are associated with its production? ► Is power conveyed to the creator? ► What is the relationship between art and religion?

24. Earliest excavated temple ► Gobekli Tepe ► Mesolithic/Neolithic period structure with carved images, columns. ► Predates agriculture ► First found in 1963 by University of Chicago. Not excavated until 1994 by German archaeologist Klaus Schmidt (GAI). Work completed in 2000. Reported to public in 2011.

29. Artists rendering of site under construction 11,000 years ago.